{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:02:32Z","timestamp":1792450952025,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tigecycline serves as a last-resort antimicrobial agent against severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Tet(X) and its numerous variants encoding flavin-dependent monooxygenase can confer resistance to tigecycline, with\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4) being the most prevalent variant. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characterize tigecycline resistance gene\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X) in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from various origins in Yangzhou, China, to provide insights into\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X) dissemination in this region. In 2022, we tested the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X) in 618\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates collected from diverse sources, including patients, pig-related samples, chicken-related samples, and vegetables in Yangzhou, China. The antimicrobial susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X)-positive\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was conducted using the agar dilution method or the broth microdilution method. Whole genome sequencing was performed on\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X)-positive strains using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. Four isolates from pig or pork samples carried\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4) and exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including tigecycline. They were classified as ST542, ST10, ST761, and ST48, respectively. The\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4) gene was located on IncFIA8-IncHI1\/ST17 (n=2), IncFIA18-IncFIB(K)-IncX1 (n=1), and IncX1 (n=1) plasmids, respectively. These\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4)-carrying plasmids exhibited high similarity to other\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4)-bearing plasmids with the same incompatible types found in diverse sources in China. They shared related genetic environments of\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4) associated with IS\n                    <jats:italic>CR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as observed in the first identified\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4)-bearing plasmid p47EC. In conclusion, although a low prevalence (0.65%) of\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X) in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains was observed in this study, the horizontal transfer of\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4) among\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates mediated by pandemic plasmids and the mobile element IS\n                    <jats:italic>CR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    raises great concerns. Thus, heightened surveillance and immediate action are imperative to curb this clinically significant resistance gene and preserve the efficacy of tigecycline.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1399732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:25:08Z","timestamp":1719534308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Distribution and spread of tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) in Escherichia coli from different sources"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xin-Yan","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Yun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","article-title":"BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons","volume":"12","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.25.1900340","article-title":"Detection of plasmid-mediated tigecycline-resistant gene tet(X4) in Escherichia coli from pork, Sichuan and Shandong Provinces, China, February 2019","volume":"24","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz387","article-title":"Detection of chromosome-mediated tet(X4)-carrying Aeromonas caviae in a sewage sample from a chicken farm","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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