{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T20:53:31Z","timestamp":1789073611491,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In infants with cholestasis, variations in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and the gut microbiota (GM) characteristics differ between those with biliary atresia (BA) and non-BA, prompting a differential analysis of their respective GM profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using 16S rDNA gene sequencing to analyse the variance in GM composition among three groups: infants with BA (BA group, n=26), non-BA cholestasis (IC group, n=37), and healthy infants (control group, n=50). Additionally, correlation analysis was conducted between GM and liver function-related indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Principal component analysis using Bray\u2013Curtis distance measurement revealed a significant distinction between microbial samples in the IC group compared to the two other groups. IC-accumulated co-abundance groups exhibited positive correlations with aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total bile acid serum levels. These correlations were notably reinforced upon the exclusion of microbial samples from children with BA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The varying \u201centerohepatic circulation\u201d status of bile acids in children with BA and non-BA cholestasis contributes to distinct GM structures and functions. This divergence underscores the potential for targeted GM interventions tailored to the specific aetiologies of cholestasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1402329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:25:32Z","timestamp":1718252732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analysis of gut microecological characteristics and differences between children with biliary atresia and non-biliary atresia in infantile cholestasis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yajun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061581","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis (B. infantis) in Pediatric Nutrition: Current State of Knowledge","volume":"12","author":"Chichlowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D633","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1244","article-title":"Ribosomal Database Project: data and tools for high throughput rRNA analysis","volume":"42","author":"Cole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326789","article-title":"Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights","volume":"71","author":"De","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-023-02938-5","article-title":"Caloric restriction remodels the hepatic chromatin landscape and bile acid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001334","article-title":"Guideline for the evaluation of cholestatic jaundice in infants: joint recommendations of the North American society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition and the european society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition","volume":"64","author":"Fawaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3010014","article-title":"Metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids by the gut microbiota","volume":"3","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02682","article-title":"Alterations of gut microbiota in cholestatic infants and their correlation with hepatic function","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.728","article-title":"Dynamic changes of gut microbiota and hepatic functions are different among biliary atresia patients after Kasai portoenterostomy","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2013020-64728\u20134","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with bile acid metabolism in neonatal cholestasis disease","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29589-7","article-title":"Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk contributes to the rebound weight gain after calorie restriction in mice","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"18","article-title":"Classification regress. by randomForest","volume":"2","author":"Liaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31523","article-title":"The commensal microbe veillonella as a marker for response to an FGF19 analog in NASH","volume":"73","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2186098","article-title":"Efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum alone or in multi-strain probiotic formulations during early life and beyond","volume":"15","author":"Mills","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176\u2013200408000\u201300001","article-title":"North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Guideline for the evaluation of cholestatic jaundice in infants: recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition","volume":"39","author":"Moyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"OksanenJ.\n          Vegan: community ecology package2010"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04480-z","article-title":"Human gut bacteria produce T(H)17-modulating bile acid metabolites","volume":"603","author":"Paik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2584","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584","article-title":"VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics","volume":"4","author":"Rognes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Peer J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.698900","article-title":"Association of gut microbiota and metabolites with disease progression in children with biliary atresia","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.704313","article-title":"Characteristics of gut microbiota in children with biliary atresia after liver transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03570-1","article-title":"The difference of gut microbiome in different biliary diseases in infant before operation and the changes after operation","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27927","article-title":"Absence of the intestinal microbiota exacerbates hepatobiliary disease in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"63","author":"Tabibian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2669-x","article-title":"Association of diverse bacterial communities in human bile samples with biliary tract disorders: a survey using culture and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods","volume":"35","author":"Tajeddin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.017","article-title":"Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Tilg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.005","article-title":"Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Wahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00463","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00463-19","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with altered bile acid metabolism in infantile cholestasis","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14777","article-title":"Gut microbial profile in biliary atresia: a case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00840-y","article-title":"Guild-based analysis for understanding gut microbiome in human health and diseases","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.914247","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota and fecal bile acid profiles in children with biliary atresia","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8030297","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum: protection against inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"2021","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4354098","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum promotes postoperative liver function recovery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.09.016","article-title":"Association of serum bilirubin in newborns affected by jaundice with gut microbiota dysbiosis","volume":"63","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1402329\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:25:37Z","timestamp":1718252737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1402329\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1402329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1402329","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"article-number":"1402329"}}