{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:47:26Z","timestamp":1753890446312,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which originated from exogenous retroviral infections of germline cells millions of years ago and were inherited by subsequent generations as per Mendelian inheritance patterns, predominantly comprise non-protein-coding sequences due to the accumulation of mutations, insertions, deletions, and truncations. Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed that ERVs play a crucial role in diverse biological processes by encoding various proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we successfully identified an ERV envelope <jats:italic>(env<\/jats:italic>) gene in a mink species. A phylogenetic tree of mink ERV-V <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic> and reference sequences was constructed using Bayesian methods and maximum-likelihood inference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phylogenetic analyses indicated a significant degree of sequence conservation and positive selection within the <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>-surface open reading frame. Additionally, qRT-PCR revealed diverse patterns of mink ERV-V <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic> expression in various tissues. The expression of mink ERV-V <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic> gene in testicular tissue strongly correlated with the seasonal reproductive cycles of minks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggests that the ERV-V <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic> gene in mink may have been repurposed for host functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1404431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T04:30:05Z","timestamp":1719549005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the role of endogenous retroviruses in seasonal reproductive cycles: a case study of the ERV-V envelope gene in mink"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yufei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanzhu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02443-7","article-title":"Technology dictates algorithms: recent developments in read alignment","volume":"22","author":"Alser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00855-17","article-title":"Recombinant origins of pathogenic and nonpathogenic mouse gammaretroviruses with polytropic host range","volume":"91","author":"Bamunusinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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