{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T14:36:14Z","timestamp":1772548574140,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002345","name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"Introduction<\/jats:title>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> is the most common non-falciparum species in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this, data on its genetic diversity is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to establish a P. malariae<\/jats:italic> genotyping approach based on size polymorphic regions that can be easily applied in molecular epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Four potential genotyping markers, Pm02, Pm09, P. malariae<\/jats:italic> thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (pmtrap), and P. malariae<\/jats:italic> merozoite surface protein fragment 2 (pmmsp1 F2) were amplified via nested PCR and analysed using automated capillary gel electrophoresis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We observed the highest allelic diversity for pmtrap (MOI = 1.61) and pmmsp1 F2 (He = 0.81). Further applying the two markers pmtrap and pmmsp1 F2 on a different sample set of 21 P. malariae<\/jats:italic> positive individuals followed up over one week, we saw a high consistency in their performance. The results show a large complexity and high dynamics of P. malariae<\/jats:italic> infections in the asymptomatic Gabonese study population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Discussion<\/jats:title>We successfully implemented a new genotyping panel for P. malariae<\/jats:italic> consisting of only two markers: pmtrap and pmmsp1 F2. It can be easily applied in other settings to investigate the genotype diversity of P. malariae<\/jats:italic> populations, providing further important data on the molecular epidemiology of this parasite species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1405198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T05:10:30Z","timestamp":1721365830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic diversity of Plasmodium malariae in sub-Saharan Africa: a two-marker genotyping approach for molecular epidemiological studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Miriam","family":"Rodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kawecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilith","family":"Berner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha Salinas","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Lalremruata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamirat Gebru","family":"Woldearegai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre Blaise","family":"Matsiegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Groger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rella Zoleko","family":"Manego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Ekoka Mbassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghyslain","family":"Mombo-Ngoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selidji Todagbe","family":"Agnandji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ramharter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mordm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Held","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07398-z","article-title":"Surveillance of Plasmodium malariae infection among inhabitants of rural areas in Ouidah\u2013Kpomasse\u2013Tori Bossito health district, Benin","volume":"121","author":"Agonhossou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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