{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:25:48Z","timestamp":1787955948581,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-I2M-1-037, 2021-I2M-1-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-037, 2021-I2M-1-038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to determine the etiological, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of STIs, and the level of resistance in <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> in Shenzhen, a representative first-tier city of southern China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted and 7886 sexually active participants attending STI-related departments were involved from 22 hospitals. Nine STI-related organisms including <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>, HSV-1, HSV-2, <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic> were screened.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Being single or divorced was associated with increased detection of <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>, C<jats:italic>. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>, HSV-1, HSV-2 and <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>. Lower education level was associated with increased detection of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, HSV-2 and <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>. No insurance coverage was an independent risk factor for <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> positivity. Three resistance-determining regions related to macrolide and fluoroquinolone were sequenced in 154 <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> positive samples, among which 90.3% harbored mutations related to macrolide or fluroquinolone resistance and 67.5% were multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>. A2072G in 23S rRNA and Ser83Ile in <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic> were the most common mutations. <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> was associated with manifestations of bacterial vaginosis in female and epididymitis in male.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single or divorced individuals, those with lower education level and individuals without insurance are higher-risk key populations for STIs. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> in Shenzhen is high. Detection of <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> increased significantly with lower education level and no health insurance coverage, and it is associated with bacterial vaginosis or epididymitis, indicating that <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> deserves further attention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1407124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T13:49:19Z","timestamp":1721915359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Etiological, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of sexually transmitted infections and M. genitalium resistance in Shenzhen: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leshan","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junping","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S763","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ755","article-title":"Advances in the understanding and treatment of male urethritis","author":"Bachmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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