{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:53:03Z","timestamp":1791499983269,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is a serious zoonosis caused by <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. infection, which not only seriously jeopardizes the health of humans and mammals, but also causes huge economic losses to the livestock industry. <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that relies primarily on its virulence factors and a variety of evolved survival strategies to replicate and proliferate within cells. Currently, the mechanisms of autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis in <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>-infected hosts are not fully understood and require further research and discussion. This review focuses on the relationship between <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> and autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis to provide the scientific basis for revealing the pathogenesis of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1408407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T05:10:49Z","timestamp":1729660249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Brucella mediates autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis to escape host killing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengxu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyuan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailiang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwei","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"So Many Roads: the Multifaceted Regulation of Autophagy Induction\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.523274","article-title":"Mechanism of bacterial interference with TLR4 signaling by Brucella Toll\/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing protein TcpB","volume":"289","author":"Alaidarous","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1116811","article-title":"Role of the cGAS\/STING pathway in the control of Brucella abortus infection acquired through the respiratory route","volume":"14","author":"Alonso Paiva IM","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000631","article-title":"Brucella abortus Uses a Stealthy Strategy to Avoid Activation of the Innate Immune System during the Onset of Infection","volume":"2","author":"Barquero-Calvo","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004853","article-title":"Brucella abortus Induces the Premature Death of Human Neutrophils through the Action of Its Lipopolysaccharide","volume":"11","author":"Barquero-Calvo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-014-3570-x","article-title":"A functional and phylogenetic comparison of quorum sensing related genes in Brucella melitensis 16M","volume":"52","author":"Brambila-Tapia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Seoul Korea."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.008","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates the inflammasome via NLRP3- and caspase-2-driven mitochondrial damage","volume":"43","author":"Bronner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10429","article-title":"STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic-di-GMP","volume":"478","author":"Burdette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01538","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01538-19","article-title":"Brucella abortus Infection of Placental Trophoblasts Triggers Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Cell Death and Fetal Loss via Type IV Secretion System-Dependent Activation of CHOP","volume":"10","author":"Byndloss","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.176-186.2004","article-title":"Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in induction of cell-mediated immunity and resistance to Brucella abortus infection in mice","volume":"72","author":"Campos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-5-13","article-title":"Brucella spp noncanonical LPS: structure, biosynthesis, and interaction with host immune system","volume":"5","author":"Cardoso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Factories."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.05.021","article-title":"Innate immunity: ER stress recruits NOD1 and NOD2 for delivery of inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Caruso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol. CB"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030088","article-title":"Brucella evades macrophage killing via VirB-dependent sustained interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"198","author":"Celli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406873102","article-title":"Brucella coopts the small GTPase Sar1 for intracellular replication","volume":"102","author":"Celli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25464","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703663200","article-title":"siRNA screening of the kinome identifies ULK1 as a multidomain modulator of autophagy","volume":"282","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.11.104","article-title":"The Brucella TIR-like protein TcpB interacts with the death domain of MyD88","volume":"417","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00221.x","article-title":"Activation of Rho and Rab GTPases dissociates Brucella abortus internalization from intracellular trafficking","volume":"4","author":"Chaves-Olarte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08327.x","article-title":"Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the Brucella melitensis bp26 gene coding for a protein immunogenic in infected sheep","volume":"140","author":"Cloeckaert","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00102.x","article-title":"Essential role of the VirB machinery in the maturation of the Brucella abortus-containing vacuole","volume":"3","author":"Comerci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002675","article-title":"The lipopolysaccharide core of Brucella abortus acts as a shield against innate immunity recognition","volume":"8","author":"Conde-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2018.09.001","article-title":"AIM2 senses Brucella abortus DNA in dendritic cells to induce IL-1\u03b2 secretion, pyroptosis and resistance to bacterial infection in mice","volume":"21","author":"Costa Franco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700725","article-title":"Brucella abortus Triggers a cGAS-Independent STING Pathway To Induce Host Protection That Involves Guanylate-Binding Proteins and Inflammasome Activation","volume":"200","author":"Costa Franco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Baltim Md 1950"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00708","article-title":"Brucella Omp25 Upregulates miR-155, miR-21-5p, and miR-23b to Inhibit Interleukin-12 Production via Modulation of Programmed Death-1 Signaling in Human Monocyte\/Macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.08.033","article-title":"Brucella infection inhibits macrophages apoptosis via Nedd4-dependent degradation of calpain2","volume":"174","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01601.x","article-title":"Identification of a Brucella spp. secreted effector specifically interacting with human small GTPase Rab2","volume":"13","author":"de Barsy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00524-z","article-title":"The cGAS\u2013STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Decout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.03.003","article-title":"Pathogenesis and immunobiology of brucellosis: review of Brucella-host interactions","volume":"185","author":"de Figueiredo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.03.003","article-title":"Pathogenesis and immunobiology of brucellosis","volume":"185","author":"de Figueiredo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13164","article-title":"Omp25-dependent engagement of SLAMF1 by Brucella abortus in dendritic cells limits acute inflammation and favours bacterial persistence in vivo","volume":"22","author":"Degos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00418","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00418-12","article-title":"Sensing of bacterial type IV secretion via the unfolded protein response","volume":"4","author":"de Jong","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06487.x","article-title":"Identification of VceA and VceC, two members of the VjbR regulon that are translocated into macrophages by the Brucella type IV secretion system","volume":"70","author":"de Jong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.136","article-title":"Brucellosis and type IV secretion","volume":"7","author":"de Jong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00543.x","article-title":"A quorum-sensing regulator controls expression of both the type IV secretion system and the flagellar apparatus of Brucella melitensis","volume":"7","author":"Delrue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2021-0053","article-title":"Deletion of the type IV secretion system promoter VirB in Brucella abortus A19 strain attenuated the virulence of the bacteria and promotes autophagy","volume":"68","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180510125009","article-title":"Research progress on brucellosis","volume":"26","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5143-5149.2004","article-title":"Differential requirements for VirB1 and VirB2 during Brucella abortus infection","volume":"72","author":"den Hartigh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12224","article-title":"Identification of a type IV secretion substrate of Brucella abortus that participates in the early stages of intracellular survival","volume":"16","author":"D\u00f6hmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2023.109699","article-title":"Effect of ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome pathway on intracellular replication of Brucella.suis","volume":"280","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00164.x","article-title":"Bacterial interactions with the autophagic pathway","volume":"4","author":"Dorn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh148","article-title":"Interaction of endotoxins with Toll-like receptor 4 correlates with their endotoxic potential and may explain the proinflammatory effect of Brucella spp","volume":"16","author":"Due\u00f1as","year":"2004","journal-title":"LPS. Int. Immunol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.2110-2119.2003","article-title":"Interactions between Brucella melitensis and human phagocytes: bacterial surface O-Polysaccharide inhibits phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and subsequent host cell apoptosis","volume":"71","author":"Fernandez-Prada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"271","article-title":"HSP and apoptosis in leukocytes from infected or vaccinated animals by Brucella abortus","volume":"23","author":"Galdiero","year":"2000","journal-title":"New Microbiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12297","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M900573200","article-title":"ULK1.ATG13.FIP200 complex mediates mTOR signaling and is essential for autophagy","volume":"284","author":"Ganley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.7.4635","article-title":"Lipoproteins, not lipopolysaccharide, are the key mediators of the proinflammatory response elicited by heat-killed Brucella abortus","volume":"173","author":"Giambartolomei","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Baltim Md 1950"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2014.06.002","article-title":"The identification of wadB, a new glycosyltransferase gene, confirms the branched structure and the role in virulence of the lipopolysaccharide core of Brucella abortus","volume":"73","author":"Gil-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202817","article-title":"Critical role of ASC inflammasomes and bacterial type IV secretion system in caspase-1 activation and host innate resistance to Brucella abortus infection","volume":"190","author":"Gomes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Baltim Md 1950"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.1.342-351.2000","article-title":"In vitro brucella suis infection prevents the programmed cell death of human monocytic cells","volume":"68","author":"Gross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801233","article-title":"Brucella abortus cyclic dinucleotides trigger STING-dependent Unfolded Protein Response that favors bacterial replication","volume":"202","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Baltim Md 1950"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2478\/s11658-012-0009-4","article-title":"Autophagy favors Brucella melitensis survival in infected macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-014-0223-5","article-title":"Replication of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in fibroblasts does not require Atg5-dependent macroautophagy","volume":"14","author":"Hamer","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01998-05","article-title":"Brucella melitensis triggers time-dependent modulation of apoptosis and down-regulation of mitochondrion-associated gene expression in mouse macrophages","volume":"74","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4102","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4102-4107.2000","article-title":"Identification of genes required for chronic persistence of Brucella abortus in mice","volume":"68","author":"Hong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00437","article-title":"Activation of NF-kB-mediated TNF-induced antimicrobial immunity is required for the efficient brucella abortus clearance in RAW 264.7 cells","volume":"7","author":"Hop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07725","article-title":"AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC","volume":"458","author":"Hornung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08476","article-title":"STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity","volume":"461","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20613","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.815878","article-title":"The Brucella effector protein TcpB induces degradation of inflammatory caspases and thereby subverts non-canonical inflammasome activation in macrophages","volume":"292","author":"Jakka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01135-6","article-title":"Integrative Bioinformatics Indentification of the Autophagic Pathway-Associated miRNA-mRNA Networks in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells Infected with \u0394Omp25 Brucella melitensis","volume":"43","author":"Jiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073673","article-title":"The mechanism of facultative intracellular parasitism of brucella","volume":"22","author":"Jiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00072","article-title":"Type IV secretion system of Brucella spp. and its effectors","volume":"5","author":"Ke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17631","article-title":"NOD1 and NOD2 signalling links ER stress with inflammation","volume":"532","author":"Keestra-Gounder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2152","article-title":"AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00361","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00361-18","article-title":"Caspase-1 and caspase-11 mediate pyroptosis, inflammation, and control of brucella joint infection","volume":"86","author":"Lacey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00629.x","article-title":"Differential inductions of TNF-alpha and IGTP, IIGP by structurally diverse classic and non-classic lipopolysaccharides","volume":"8","author":"Lapaque","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401916","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation by p53: one protein, many possibilities","volume":"13","author":"Laptenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.7.15450","article-title":"The requirement of uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and ULK2 in the regulation of autophagy","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.05.004","article-title":"Beclin orthologs: integrative hubs of cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and physiology","volume":"25","author":"Levine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.702881","article-title":"Brucella spp. Omp25 Promotes Proteasome-Mediated cGAS Degradation to Attenuate IFN-\u03b2 Production","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14439","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214439","article-title":"Brucella btpB manipulates apoptosis and autophagic flux in RAW264.7 cells","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2023.104938","article-title":"Deletion of Brucella transcriptional regulator GntR10 regulated the expression of quorum sensing system and type IV secretion system effectors, which affected the activation of NF-\u03baB","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167486","article-title":"Brucella melitensis 16M regulates the effect of AIR domain on inflammatory factors, autophagy, and apoptosis in mouse macrophage through the ROS signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092322","article-title":"The Brucella Effector Protein BspF Regulates Apoptosis through the Crotonylation of p53","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23483-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial fragmentation affects neither the sensitivity to TNF\u03b1-induced apoptosis of Brucella-infected cells nor the intracellular replication of the bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Lobet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105324118","article-title":"The Brucella effector BspL targets the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway and delays bacterial egress from infected cells","volume":"118","author":"Luizet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.02013","article-title":"Brucella downregulates tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 to promote intracellular survival via omp25 regulation of different microRNAs in porcine and murine macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1618100","article-title":"Toward the function of mammalian ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex in autophagy and related processes","volume":"15","author":"Lystad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2022.109414","article-title":"Crosstalk of Brucella abortus nucleomodulin BspG and host DNA replication process\/mitochondrial respiratory pathway promote anti-apoptosis and infection","volume":"268","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.599205","article-title":"Brucella abortus bspJ is a nucleomodulin that inhibits macrophage apoptosis and promotes intracellular survival of brucella","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B78","first-page":"17530","article-title":"Brucella outer membrane protein Omp25 induces microglial cells in vitro to secrete inflammatory cytokines and inhibit apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.21224","article-title":"Nucleomodulin BspJ as an effector promotes the colonization of Brucella abortus in the host","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-016-0581-1","article-title":"The role of NLRP3 and AIM2 in inflammasome activation during Brucella abortus infection","volume":"39","author":"Marim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-00518-w","article-title":"Atg9 is a lipid scramblase that mediates autophagosomal membrane expansion","volume":"27","author":"Matoba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8695","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.075127","article-title":"MD-2-mediated ionic interactions between lipid A and TLR4 are essential for receptor activation","volume":"285","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08455","article-title":"Discovery of Atg5\/Atg7-independent alternative macroautophagy","volume":"461","author":"Nishida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01569.x","article-title":"A homologue of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB and Bordetella pertussis Ptl type IV secretion systems is essential for intracellular survival of Brucella suis","volume":"33","author":"O\u2019Callaghan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861426","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/861426","article-title":"Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 and -2 play no role in controlling Brucella abortus infection in mice","volume":"2012","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00103","article-title":"Activation of host IRE1\u03b1-dependent signaling axis contributes the intracellular parasitism of brucella melitensis","volume":"8","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01436","article-title":"Omp19 enables brucella abortus to evade the antimicrobial activity from host\u2019s proteolytic defense system","volume":"10","author":"Pasquevich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5711","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.5711-5724.1998","article-title":"Brucella abortus transits through the autophagic pathway and replicates in the endoplasmic reticulum of nonprofessional phagocytes","volume":"66","author":"Pizarro-Cerd\u00e1","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.6.4.11863","article-title":"Mammalian Atg18 (WIPI2) localizes to omegasome-anchored phagophores and positively regulates LC3 lipidation","volume":"6","author":"Polson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autophagy."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4041","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.4041-4047.1999","article-title":"Early acidification of phagosomes containing Brucella suis is essential for intracellular survival in murine macrophages","volume":"67","author":"Porte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1481-1490.2003","article-title":"Role of the Brucella suis lipopolysaccharide O antigen in phagosomal genesis and in inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion in murine macrophages","volume":"71","author":"Porte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.146258","article-title":"WIPI proteins: essential PtdIns3P effectors at the nascent autophagosome","volume":"128","author":"Proikas-Cezanne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9892","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805458200","article-title":"Brucella TIR domain-containing protein mimics properties of the toll-like receptor adaptor protein TIRAP","volume":"284","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00021","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00021-19","article-title":"Uncovering the hidden credentials of brucella virulence","volume":"85","author":"Roop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. MMBR."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit007","article-title":"Pathogenic brucellae replicate in human trophoblasts","volume":"207","author":"Salcedo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02293","article-title":"WadD, a new brucella lipopolysaccharide core glycosyltransferase identified by genomic search and phenotypic characterization","volume":"9","author":"Salvador-Besc\u00f3s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.73.011303.074134","article-title":"The mammalian unfolded protein response","volume":"74","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902008","article-title":"Subversion of innate immune responses by Brucella through the targeted degradation of the TLR signaling adapter, MAL","volume":"184","author":"Sengupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Baltim Md 1950"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.15212\/ZOONOSES-2022-0031","article-title":"Construction and evaluation of the brucella double gene knock-out vaccine strain MB6 \u0394bp26\u0394wboA (RM6)","volume":"2","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zoonoses."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.027","article-title":"Stressed-out endoplasmic reticulum inflames the mitochondria","volume":"43","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03350","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03350-19","article-title":"Epistatic interplay between type IV secretion effectors engages the small GTPase rab2 in the brucella intracellular cycle","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003785","article-title":"Brucella induces an unfolded protein response via TcpB that supports intracellular replication in macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-014-0072-0","article-title":"Mutants in the lipopolysaccharide of Brucella ovis are attenuated and protect against B","volume":"45","author":"Soler-Llor\u00e9ns","year":"2014","journal-title":"ovis infection mice. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.12.002","article-title":"Selective subversion of autophagy complexes facilitates completion of the Brucella intracellular cycle","volume":"11","author":"Starr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2008.00718.x","article-title":"Brucella intracellular replication requires trafficking through the late endosomal\/lysosomal compartment","volume":"9","author":"Starr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traffic Cph Den."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7749","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207749","article-title":"Brucella genomics: macro and micro evolution","volume":"21","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Esquivel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0643-2","article-title":"Gas1 up-regulation is inducible and contributes to cell apoptosis in reactive astrocytes in the substantia nigra of LPS and MPTP models","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type-I interferon pathway","volume":"339","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004747","article-title":"Yip1A, a novel host factor for the activation of the IRE1 pathway of the unfolded protein response during Brucella infection","volume":"11","author":"Taguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.05.009","article-title":"LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy","volume":"36","author":"Tanida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.2013.15.issue-6","article-title":"Innate immune recognition of flagellin limits systemic persistence of Brucella","volume":"15","author":"Terwagne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5540","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5540-5546.2002","article-title":"Effect of omp10 or omp19 deletion on Brucella abortus outer membrane properties and virulence in mice","volume":"70","author":"Tibor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.v62:7","article-title":"Trafficking and signaling in mammalian autophagy","volume":"62","author":"Tooze","year":"2010","journal-title":"IUBMB Life."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9121008","article-title":"ASC-Mediated Inflammation and Pyroptosis Attenuates Brucella abortus Pathogenesis Following the Recognition of gDNA","volume":"9","author":"Tupik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathog. Basel Switz."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201811139","article-title":"ATG2 transports lipids to promote autophagosome biogenesis","volume":"218","author":"Valverde","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e11-09-0785","article-title":"Mammalian Atg2 proteins are essential for autophagosome formation and important for regulation of size and distribution of lipid droplets","volume":"23","author":"Velikkakath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2022112817","article-title":"Host cell egress of Brucella abortus requires BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy","volume":"42","author":"Verbeke","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03429-4","article-title":"Omp31 of brucella inhibits NF-\u03baB p65 signaling pathway by inducing autophagy in BV-2 microglia","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.640847","article-title":"Doxycycline induces apoptosis of brucella suis S2 strain-infected HMC3 microglial cells by activating calreticulin-dependent JNK\/p53 signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.3419","article-title":"Atg9 trafficking in Mammalian cells","volume":"3","author":"Webber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autophagy."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.11.006","article-title":"A20 promotes Brucella intracellular growth via inhibition of macrophage cell death and activation","volume":"175","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.74","article-title":"LC3 and GATE-16\/GABARAP subfamilies are both essential yet act differently in autophagosome biogenesis","volume":"29","author":"Weidberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2007.04.006","article-title":"Autophagy and NF-\u03baB fight for fate","volume":"18","author":"Xiao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13637","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413637","article-title":"The virB system plays a crucial role in brucella intracellular infection","volume":"22","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170021","article-title":"The mammalian ULK1 complex and autophagy initiation","volume":"61","author":"Zachari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020340","article-title":"The immune escape mechanisms of mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"20","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-019-01651-6","article-title":"Deletion of the type IV secretion system effector vceA promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis in brucella-infected human trophoblast cells","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31571","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.134650","article-title":"Coordination between cell cycle progression and cell fate decision by the p53 and E2F1 pathways in response to DNA damage","volume":"285","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3655","article-title":"OMP31 of Brucella melitensis 16M impairs the apoptosis of macrophages triggered by TNF-\u03b1","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174104","article-title":"VceC mediated IRE1 pathway and inhibited CHOP-induced apoptosis to support brucella replication in goat trophoblast cells","volume":"20","author":"Zhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-020-0144-y","article-title":"Omp16, a conserved peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, is involved in Brucella virulence in vitro","volume":"58","author":"Zhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Seoul Korea"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1408407\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T05:10:54Z","timestamp":1729660254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1408407\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"references-count":131,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1408407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1408407","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"article-number":"1408407"}}