{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:44:13Z","timestamp":1790876653379,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous bacteria are involved in the etiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Yet, current tests only focus on a select few. We therefore designed a new test targeting 22 BV-relevant species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using 946 stored vaginal samples, a new qPCR test that quantitatively identifies 22 bacterial species was designed. The distribution and relative abundance of each species, \u03b1- and \u03b2-diversities, correlation, and species co-existence were determined per sample. A diagnostic index was modeled from the data, trained, and tested to classify samples into BV-positive, BV-negative, or transitional BV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The qPCR test identified all 22 targeted species with 95 \u2013 100% sensitivity and specificity within 8 hours (from sample reception). Across most samples,\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Gardnerella vaginalis, Fannyhessea (Atopobium) vaginae, Prevotella bivia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Megasphaera<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. type 1 were relatively abundant. BVAB-1 was more abundant and distributed than BVAB-2 and BVAB-3. No\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found. The inter-sample similarity was very low, and correlations existed between key species, which were used to model, train, and test a diagnostic index:\n                      <jats:italic>MDL-BV index<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The\n                      <jats:italic>MDL-BV index<\/jats:italic>\n                      , using both species and relative abundance markers, classified samples into three vaginal microbiome states. Testing this index on our samples, 491 were BV-positive, 318 were BV-negative, and 137 were transitional BV. Although important differences in BV status were observed between different age groups, races, and pregnancy status, they were statistically insignificant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using a diverse and large number of vaginal samples from different races and age groups, including pregnant women, the new qRT-PCR test and\n                      <jats:italic>MDL-BV index<\/jats:italic>\n                      efficiently diagnosed BV within 8 hours (from sample reception), using 22 BV-associated species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1409774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:26:46Z","timestamp":1719534406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Molecular characterization of vaginal microbiota using a new 22-species qRT-PCR test to achieve a relative-abundance and species-based diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ayodeji B.","family":"Oyenihi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Trama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Faro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Mordechai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin E.","family":"Adelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Osei Sekyere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105172","article-title":"Exploring the global vaginal microbiome and its impact on human health","volume":"160","author":"Abou Chacra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. 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