{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T08:11:38Z","timestamp":1787991098012,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibroinflammatory disease affecting both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts, potentially leading to chronic cholestasis and biliary cirrhosis. Despite its prevalence, the exact mechanisms behind BA development remain incompletely understood. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites may play significant roles in BA development. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the changing characteristics of gut microbiota and their metabolites at different stages of BA in children. It discusses their influence on the host\u2019s inflammatory response, immune system, and bile acid metabolism. The review also explores the potential of gut microbiota and metabolites as a therapeutic target for BA, with interventions like butyrate and gut microbiota preparations showing promise in alleviating BA symptoms. While progress has been made, further research is necessary to untangle the complex interactions between gut microbiota and BA, paving the way for more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this challenging condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1411843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T05:10:17Z","timestamp":1721625017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Biliary atresia: the role of gut microbiome, and microbial metabolites"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sansan","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongkang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuqiao","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2017.15.1.118","article-title":"Intestinal barrier integrity and function in infants with cholestasis","volume":"15","author":"Abu Faddan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intest Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(23)03064-7","article-title":"THU-332 - Endogenous ethanol production in biliary atresia and its association with clinical outcomes, liver disease severity, fibrosis, bacterial translocation and intestinal permeability","volume":"78","author":"Alexander","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92970-X","article-title":"Letter: Cytomegalovirus and biliary atresia","volume":"2","author":"Altshuler","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2018.00046","article-title":"Evidence for viral induction of biliary atresia: A review","volume":"6","author":"Averbukh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29905","article-title":"Biliary atresia: clinical and research challenges for the twenty-first century","volume":"68","author":"Bezerra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol. Baltim Md."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24807","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell reactivity in biliary atresia at the time of diagnosis is associated with deficits in regulatory T cells","volume":"55","author":"Brindley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatol. Baltim Md."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108238","article-title":"Bile acid metabolism and signaling, the microbiota, and metabolic disease","volume":"237","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Chen\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Chongqing Medical University\n          Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Biliary Atresia\n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2011.09.008","article-title":"Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of lycorine from Sternbergia fisheriana (Herbert) Rupr","volume":"83","author":"\u00c7ito\u011flu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14719","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914719","article-title":"Contribution of ADD3 and the HLA genes to biliary atresia risk in chinese","volume":"24","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.24730","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry of the liver and biliary tree in extrahepatic biliary atresia","volume":"36","author":"Davenport","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118002756","article-title":"Contribution of the gut microbiota to the regulation of host metabolism and energy balance: a focus on the gut-liver axis","volume":"78","author":"Delzenne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.12.011","article-title":"Association of gut microbiota composition and copy number variation with Kasai procedure outcomes in infants with biliary atresia","volume":"61","author":"Elaine Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040945","article-title":"Incidence, impact and treatment of ongoing CMV infection in patients with biliary atresia in four european centres","volume":"11","author":"Fischler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.19381\/j.issn.1001-7585.2022.13.041","article-title":"Effects of Kasai procedure on immune function and intestinal microbiota in children with biliary atresia","volume":"35","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Theory Pr."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.16662\/j.cnki.1674-0742.2022.04.008","article-title":"Early enteral nutrition after Kasai procedure affects immune function and intestinal microbiota in children with biliary atresia","volume":"41","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Foreign Med. Treat."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq196","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for biliary atresia on 10q24.2","volume":"19","author":"Garcia-Barcel\u00f3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"Han\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Shanghai Jiao Tong University\n          Preliminary Study on Intestinal Microbiota Diversity in Children with Biliary Atresia\n          \n          2019"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07385.x","article-title":"Congenital biliary atresia and jaundice in lambs and calves","volume":"67","author":"Harper","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60946-6","article-title":"Biliary atresia","volume":"374","author":"Hartley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2023.2262020","article-title":"Bile acid and its bidirectional interactions with gut microbiota: A review","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.1993.tb10801.x","article-title":"The pathogenesis of biliary atresia: a morphological study of the hepatobiliary system and the hepatic artery","volume":"16","author":"Ho","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0223","article-title":"Assay of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in amniotic fluid offers a possible prenatal diagnosis of biliary atresia in the rat model","volume":"17","author":"Hosoda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","article-title":"Microbiota in health and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1318","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00405.2005","article-title":"LPS signaling enhances hepatic fibrogenesis caused by experimental cholestasis in mice","volume":"290","author":"Isayama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol-Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002973","article-title":"Gut microbiome: A potential modifiable risk factor in biliary atresia","volume":"72","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(23)03045-3","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of gut microbiota, metabolome and intestinal barrier dysfunction in biliary atresia","volume":"78","author":"Jain","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226916","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2226916","article-title":"Neglected gut microbiome: interactions of the non-bacterial gut microbiota with enteric pathogens","volume":"15","author":"Jaswal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182089","article-title":"Klebsiella","volume":"12","author":"Jee","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27689-4","article-title":"Maternal regulation of biliary disease in neonates via gut microbial metabolites","volume":"13","author":"Jee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00372-7","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its regression","volume":"18","author":"Kisseleva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.008","article-title":"Interleukin 17, produced by \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, contributes to hepatic inflammation in a mouse model of biliary atresia and is increased in livers of patients","volume":"150","author":"Klemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.5.1211","article-title":"Fecal flora of infants with biliary atresia: effects of the absence of bile on fecal flora","volume":"48","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000676","article-title":"Use of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus to Prevent Cholangitis in Biliary Atresia After Kasai Operation","volume":"60","author":"Lien","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.08.001","article-title":"Implications of microbiota and bile acid in liver injury and regeneration","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286ra67","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa1652","article-title":"Identification of a plant isoflavonoid that causes biliary atresia","volume":"7","author":"Lorent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715614","article-title":"The intestinal flora at kasai procedure in children with biliary atresia appears not to affect postoperative cholangitis","volume":"31","author":"Madadi-Sanjani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg. Off J. Austrian Assoc. Pediatr. Surg. Al Z Kinderchir."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1527-3350","article-title":"Anomalous development of the hepatobiliary system in the Inv mouse","volume":"30","author":"Mazziotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatol. Baltim Md."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.751204","article-title":"Characteristics of the gut microbiome and IL-13\/TGF-\u03b21 mediated fibrosis in post-kasai cholangitis of biliary atresia","volume":"9","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010044","article-title":"Effects of gut metabolites and microbiota in healthy and marginal livers submitted to surgery","volume":"22","author":"Mic\u00f3-Carnero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.12.027","article-title":"Post-natal paucity of regulatory T cells and control of NK cell activation in experimental biliary atresia","volume":"52","author":"Miethke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020395","article-title":"Gut-liver axis, gut microbiota, and its modulation in the management of liver diseases: A review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Milosevic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0568","article-title":"intestinal barrier","volume":"121","author":"Muraji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2021.101753","article-title":"Assessment of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (LGG) therapy in children with biliary atresia - Randomized placebo controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Or\u0142owska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02221-8","article-title":"BCFAs","volume":"140","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030597","article-title":"The gut-liver axis in pediatric liver health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Rager","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-2098.202522","article-title":"Metabolomic profile in biliary atresia compared with cholestasis in pediatric patients: a comparative study","volume":"29","author":"Raouf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Menoufia Medical Journal"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6034","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1895064","article-title":"Recent advances in the therapeutic application of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): An updated review","volume":"62","author":"Rauf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.04.006","article-title":"Evidence for viral infection as a causative factor of human biliary atresia","volume":"50","author":"Saito","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yapd.2017.03.012","article-title":"Biliary atresia: epidemiology, genetics, clinical update, and public health perspective","volume":"64","author":"Sanchez-Valle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Pediatr."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00452-1","article-title":"Gut microbiota depletion exacerbates cholestatic liver injury via loss of FXR signalling","volume":"3","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040999","article-title":"Biliary atresia in 2021: epidemiology, screening and public policy","volume":"11","author":"Schreiber","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-018-0203-1","article-title":"Liver fibrosis in biliary atresia","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-008-0024-8","article-title":"Relationship between prognosis of biliary atresia and infection of cytomegalovirus","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr. WJP."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199607000-00012","article-title":"Branched chain amino acids improve body composition and nitrogen balance in a rat model of extra hepatic biliary atresia","volume":"40","author":"Sokal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.704328","article-title":"Effects of previous kasai surgery on gut microbiota and bile acid in biliary atresia with end-stage liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.704313","article-title":"Effect of liver transplantation on intestinal microbiota in children with biliary atresia","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Organ Transpl."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.698900","article-title":"Association of gut microbiota and metabolites with disease progression in children with biliary atresia","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2023.05.030","article-title":"Impact of gut microbiota on liver transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Sucu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant. Off J. Am. Soc. Transplant. Am. Soc. Transpl Surg."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-018-4313-6","article-title":"Oral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid suppresses liver fibrosis in postoperative patients with biliary atresia","volume":"34","author":"Sumida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03570-1","article-title":"The difference of gut microbiome in different biliary diseases in infant before operation and the changes after operation","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002686","article-title":"The fecal microbiome in infants with biliary atresia associates with bile flow after kasai portoenterostomy","volume":"70","author":"Tessier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05450-z","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of cholestatic liver injury by D-2-hydroxyglutarate with the modulation of hepatic microenvironment and the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling","volume":"13","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.017","article-title":"Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Tilg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01148-y","article-title":"Novel findings from family-based exome sequencing for children with biliary atresia","volume":"11","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k2179","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2179","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health","volume":"361","author":"Valdes","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003234","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition of biliary atresia patients before kasai portoenterostomy associates with long-term outcome","volume":"73","author":"van Wessel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28599","article-title":"The toxin biliatresone causes mouse extrahepatic cholangiocyte damage and fibrosis through decreased glutathione and SOX17","volume":"64","author":"Waisbourd-Zinman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol. Baltim Md."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000151","article-title":"The influence of liver transplantation on the interplay between gut microbiome and bile acid homeostasis in children with biliary atresia","volume":"7","author":"Waldner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2022.100182","article-title":"Apoptotic biliary epithelial cells and gut dysbiosis in the induction of murine primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Autoimmun."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10031","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04654","article-title":"Modulation of disordered bile acid homeostasis and hepatic tight junctions using salidroside against hepatocyte apoptosis in furan-induced mice","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14777","article-title":"Gut microbial profile in biliary atresia: a case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.048","article-title":"Liver immune profiling reveals pathogenesis and therapeutics for biliary atresia","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054841","article-title":"The role of microbiota in liver transplantation and liver transplantation-related biliary complications","volume":"24","author":"Wirth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02818-5","article-title":"The prevalence and impact of small intestine bacterial overgrowth in biliary atresia patients","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-023-05606-8","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of the gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate in children with biliary atresia","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.906452","article-title":"Effects of intestinal FXR-related molecules on intestinal mucosal barriers in biliary tract obstruction","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-020-0467-7","article-title":"The synthetic toxin biliatresone causes biliary atresia in mice","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab. Investig. J. Tech Methods Pathol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.914247","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota and fecal bile acid profiles in children with biliary atresia","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.1241","article-title":"Chronological changes in the gut microbiota and intestinal environment in recipients and donors of living donor liver transplantation","volume":"30","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Sci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.88","article-title":"Liver transplantation: past, present and future","volume":"10","author":"Zarrinpar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-484X.2022.06.003","article-title":"Analysis of immune microenvironment in different pathological stages of liver in biliary atresia","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.945368","article-title":"The gut microbiota-bile acid axis: A potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.990101","article-title":"The composition of the gut microbiota is altered in biliary atresia with cholangitis","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00125","article-title":"Metabonomics reveals metabolite changes in biliary atresia infants","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1411843\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T05:10:32Z","timestamp":1721625032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1411843\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1411843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1411843","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"article-number":"1411843"}}