{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:52:23Z","timestamp":1793145143127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The limited number of available antifungal drugs and the increasing number of fungal isolates that show drug or multidrug resistance pose a serious medical threat. Several yeast pathogens, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Nakaseomyces glabratus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), show a remarkable ability to develop drug resistance during treatment through the acquisition of genetic mutations. However, how stable this resistance and the underlying mutations are in non-selective conditions remains poorly characterized. The stability of acquired drug resistance has fundamental implications for our understanding of the appearance and spread of drug-resistant outbreaks and for defining efficient strategies to combat them. Here, we used an\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    evolution approach to assess the stability under optimal growth conditions of resistance phenotypes and resistance-associated mutations that were previously acquired under exposure to antifungals. Our results reveal a remarkable stability of the resistant phenotype and the underlying mutations in a significant number of evolved populations, which conserved their phenotype for at least two months in the absence of drug-selective pressure. We observed a higher stability of anidulafungin resistance over fluconazole resistance, and of resistance-conferring point mutations as compared with aneuploidies. In addition, we detected accumulation of novel mutations in previously altered resistance-associated genes in non-selective conditions, which suggest a possible compensatory role. We conclude that acquired resistance, particularly to anidulafungin, is a long-lasting phenotype, which has important implications for the persistence and propagation of drug-resistant clinical outbreaks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1416509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:56:27Z","timestamp":1721004987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Long-term stability of acquired drug resistance and resistance associated mutations in the fungal pathogen Nakaseomyces glabratus (Candida glabrata)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ewa","family":"Ksiezopolska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miquel \u00c0ngel","family":"Schikora-Tamarit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Carlos Nunez-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Gabald\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000478","article-title":"A chromosome 4 trisomy contributes to increased fluconazole resistance in a clinical isolate of Candida albicans","volume":"163","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S445","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix131","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant candida: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment","volume":"216","author":"Arendrup","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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