{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:17:12Z","timestamp":1784956632533,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas endodontalis<\/jats:italic> belong to the Bacteroidota phylum. Both species inhabit the oral cavity and can be associated with periodontal diseases. To survive, they must uptake heme from the host as an iron and protoporphyrin IX source. Among the best-characterized heme acquisition systems identified in members of the Bacteroidota phylum is the <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> Hmu system, with a leading role played by the hemophore-like HmuY (HmuY<jats:sup>Pg<\/jats:sup>) protein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Theoretical analysis of selected HmuY proteins and spectrophotometric methods were employed to determine the heme-binding mode of the <jats:italic>P. endodontalis<\/jats:italic> HmuY homolog (HmuY<jats:sup>Pe<\/jats:sup>) and its ability to sequester heme. Growth phenotype and gene expression analysis of <jats:italic>P. endodontalis<\/jats:italic> were employed to reveal the importance of the HmuY<jats:sup>Pe<\/jats:sup> and Hmu system for this bacterium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unlike in <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, where HmuY<jats:sup>Pg<\/jats:sup> uses two histidines for heme-iron coordination, other known HmuY homologs use two methionines in this process. <jats:italic>P. endodontalis<\/jats:italic> HmuY<jats:sup>Pe<\/jats:sup> is the first characterized representative of the HmuY family that binds heme using a histidine-methionine pair. It allows HmuY<jats:sup>Pe<\/jats:sup> to sequester heme directly from serum albumin and <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic> HmuY<jats:sup>Tf<\/jats:sup>, the HmuY homolog which uses two methionines for heme-iron coordination. In contrast to HmuY<jats:sup>Pg<\/jats:sup>, which sequesters heme directly from methemoglobin, HmuY<jats:sup>Pe<\/jats:sup> may bind heme only after the proteolytic digestion of hemoglobin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesize that differences in components of the Hmu system and structure-based properties of HmuY proteins may evolved allowing different adaptations of <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic> species to the changing host environment. This may add to the superior virulence potential of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> over other members of the Bacteroidota phylum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1421018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:22:37Z","timestamp":1718252557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Porphyromonas endodontalis HmuY differentially participates in heme acquisition compared to the Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia hemophore-like proteins"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"\u015amiga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Olczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102280","article-title":"Porphyromonas spp. have an extensive host range in ill and healthy individuals and an unexpected environmental distribution: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Acuna-Amador","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaerobe."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2188630","article-title":"Association of nine pathobionts with periodontitis in four South American and European countries","volume":"15","author":"Alvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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