{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:10:41Z","timestamp":1792145441485,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human gut microbiome (GM) impacts various physiological processes and can lead to pathological conditions and even carcinogenesis if homeostasis is disrupted. Recent studies have indicated a connection between the GM and prostatic disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This review aims to provide a summary of the existing information regarding the connection between the GM and various prostatic conditions such as chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP\/CPPS), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa). Furthermore, the review aims to identify possible pathogenic mechanisms and suggest potential ways of targeting GM to prevent and treat prostatic disease. Due to the complexity of the mechanism between GM and prostatic diseases, additional research is required to comprehend the association between the two. This will lead to more effective treatment options for prostatic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1431088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T01:10:31Z","timestamp":1722215431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gut microbiome: a novel preventive and therapeutic target for prostatic disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Difei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengdong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-RW2021-153","article-title":"Gut microbiota drive androgen resistance in prostate cancer","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23713","article-title":"A prospective study to examine the association of the urinary and fecal microbiota with prostate cancer diagnosis after transrectal biopsy of the prostate using 16sRNA gene analysis","volume":"79","author":"Alanee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065904","article-title":"Alteration of gut microbes in benign prostatic hyperplasia model and finasteride treatment model","volume":"24","author":"An","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188494","article-title":"Effect of probiotics and gut microbiota on anti-cancer drugs: Mechanistic perspectives","volume":"1875","author":"Badgeley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100642","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Baunwall","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103286","article-title":"Chemical compounds of berry-derived polyphenols and their effects on gut microbiota, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"27","author":"Bouyahya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2022.12.009","article-title":"Clostridium scindens metabolites trigger prostate cancer progression through androgen receptor signaling","volume":"56","author":"Bui","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153833","article-title":"Current knowledge of the potential links between inflammation and prostate cancer","volume":"20","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1410","article-title":"Chemical composition of cold-pressed blackberry seed flour extract and its potential health-beneficial properties","volume":"8","author":"Choe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.03.042","article-title":"The effect of androgen-replacement therapy on prostate growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18649-5","article-title":"Abiraterone acetate preferentially enriches for the gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila in castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Daisley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab002","article-title":"Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"42","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1037279","article-title":"Sodium butyrate treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation provide relief from ulcerative colitis-induced prostate enlargement","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.915218","article-title":"Gut microflora modulates th17\/treg cell differentiation in experimental autoimmune prostatitis via the short-chain fatty acid propionate","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115276","article-title":"The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials","volume":"165","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioMed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21778","article-title":"A potential therapeutic strategy for prostatic disease by targeting the oral microbiome","volume":"41","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00537-2","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota drive CRPC","volume":"18","author":"Fenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2016.10.017","article-title":"Dietary changes impact the gut microbe composition in overweight and obese men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy","volume":"118","author":"Frug\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202101019","article-title":"Urolithins: a comprehensive update on their metabolism, bioactivity, and associated gut microbiota","volume":"66","author":"Garc\u00eda-Villalba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.08.039","article-title":"The role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer: A prospective, pilot study","volume":"111","author":"Golombos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900152","article-title":"Occurrence of urolithins, gut microbiota ellagic acid metabolites and proliferation markers expression response in the human prostate gland upon consumption of walnuts and pomegranate juice","volume":"54","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarr\u00edas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-023-10634-z","article-title":"Gut microbiota disorders in obesity-associated benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.615928","article-title":"High-fat diet induced gut microbiota alterations associating with ghrelin\/jak2\/stat3 up-regulation to promote benign prostatic hyperplasia development","volume":"9","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801159","article-title":"Factors explaining interpersonal variation in plasma enterolactone concentrations in humans","volume":"63","author":"H\u00e5lldin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183685","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2183685","article-title":"Circulating androgen regulation by androgen-catabolizing gut bacteria in male mouse gut","volume":"15","author":"Hsiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179626","article-title":"Increase in akkermansiaceae in gut microbiota of prostate cancer-bearing mice","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15217","article-title":"The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease","volume":"287","author":"Illiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415482","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-menopausal, and anti-cancer effects of lignans and their metabolites","volume":"23","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.04.006","article-title":"Targeting benign prostate hyperplasia treatments: AR\/TGF-\u03b2\/NOX4 inhibition by apocynin suppresses inflammation and proliferation","volume":"57","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-00372-5","article-title":"The microbiome and host mucosal interactions in urinary tract diseases","volume":"14","author":"Jones-Freeman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.318","article-title":"Landmarks in BPH\u2013from etiology to medical and surgical management","volume":"11","author":"Kahokehr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-063014-123902","article-title":"Management of benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"67","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14553","article-title":"Chronic nonbacterial prostate inflammation in a rat model is associated with changes of gut microbiota that can be modified with a galactoglucomannan-rich hemicellulose extract in the diet","volume":"123","author":"Konkol","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.028","article-title":"Epidemiology of prostatitis","author":"Krieger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.3.236","article-title":"NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis","volume":"282","author":"Krieger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14163988","article-title":"Effects of green tea catechins on prostate cancer chemoprevention: the role of the gut microbiome","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-022-00536-3","article-title":"Gut environment changes due to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer","volume":"26","author":"Kure","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.02.023","article-title":"The gut microbiome","volume":"32","author":"Kuziel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12298-z","article-title":"High-fat diet fuels prostate cancer progression by rewiring the metabolome and amplifying the MYC program","volume":"10","author":"Labb\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-022-00373-4","article-title":"Alterations of gut microbiota diversity, composition and metabonomics in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rats","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil Med. Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.959903","article-title":"Oral antibiotics perturbation on gut microbiota after prostate biopsy","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-021-00360-1","article-title":"A cross-sectional study on gut microbiota in prostate cancer patients with prostatectomy or androgen deprivation therapy","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.06.033","article-title":"Metabolic biosynthesis pathways identified from fecal microbiome associated with prostate cancer","volume":"74","author":"Liss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.21037\/tau","article-title":"Compositional differences of gut microbiome in matched hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Androl Urol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.139","article-title":"Poria cocos polysaccharides attenuate chronic nonbacterial prostatitis by targeting the gut microbiota: Comparative study of Poria cocos polysaccharides and finasteride in treating chronic prostatitis","volume":"189","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.753034","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals changes in the intestinal microbiome, transcriptome, and methylome in a rat model of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis: indications for the existence of the gut-prostate axis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-019-0351-x","article-title":"High dietary fat intake lowers serum equol concentration and promotes prostate carcinogenesis in a transgenic mouse prostate model","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond)."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155249","article-title":"Astaxanthin alleviates chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome by increasing colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila in the intestine","volume":"123","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.679712","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis accelerates prostate cancer progression through increased LPCAT1 expression and enhanced DNA repair pathways","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12661","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c05943","article-title":"Poria cocos polysaccharides alleviates chronic nonbacterial prostatitis by preventing oxidative stress, regulating hormone production, modifying gut microbiota, and remodeling the DNA methylome","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100928","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote prostate cancer progression via inducing cancer cell autophagy and M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105567","article-title":"Bacterial steroid-17,20-desmolase is a taxonomically rare enzymatic pathway that converts prednisone to 1,4-androstanediene-3,11,17-trione, a metabolite that causes proliferation of prostate cancer cells","volume":"199","author":"Ly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.852382","article-title":"Connecting the dots between the gut-IGF-1-prostate axis: A role of IGF-1 in prostate carcinogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Matsushita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34028","article-title":"High-fat diet promotes prostate cancer growth through histamine signaling","volume":"151","author":"Matsushita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14998","article-title":"The gut microbiota associated with high-Gleason prostate cancer","volume":"112","author":"Matsushita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210190","article-title":"Firmicutes in gut microbiota correlate with blood testosterone levels in elderly men","volume":"40","author":"Matsushita","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Mens Health"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111619","article-title":"Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in cancer development and prevention","volume":"139","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prnil.2022.03.004","article-title":"Prostate diseases and microbiome in the prostate, gut, and urine","volume":"10","author":"Miyake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostate Int."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2016.07.002","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer","volume":"46","author":"Nguyen-Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn230","article-title":"Antibiotics for respiratory, ear and urinary tract disorders and consistency among GPs","volume":"62","author":"Ong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2501566\/v1","article-title":"Association between antibiotic use and subsequent risk of prostate cancer: A retrospective cohort study in South Korea","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-023-00795-2","article-title":"The potential role of the microbiota in prostate cancer pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Pernigoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf8403","article-title":"Commensal bacteria promote endocrine resistance in prostate cancer through androgen biosynthesis","volume":"374","author":"Pernigoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-109372","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of epilobium angustifolium aqueous extract on LNCaP cell proliferation in in vitro and in vivo models","volume":"83","author":"Piwowarski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-018-0041-1","article-title":"The microbiome in prostate inflammation and prostate cancer","volume":"21","author":"Porter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7896","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12878","article-title":"Rapeseed bee pollen alleviates chronic non-bacterial prostatitis via regulating gut microbiota","volume":"103","author":"Qiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10875","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205091","article-title":"Tissue immunoexpression of IL-6 and IL-18 in aging men with BPH and MetS and their relationship with lipid parameters and gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids","volume":"15","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10934","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.v13i8","article-title":"Alterations in fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS)","volume":"13","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1067\/mda.2003.8","article-title":"The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens","volume":"49","author":"Ronald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis. Mon."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1987","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial on the effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum supplementation on diarrhea frequency and gut microbiome count among pelvic radiation patients","volume":"45","author":"Rosli","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN J. Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002796","article-title":"Bioavailability of phyto-estrogens","author":"Rowland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-022-00569-1","article-title":"The relationship between the gut microbiota, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and erectile dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Russo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot Res."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0173-3","article-title":"Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic","volume":"16","author":"Sanders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00950-8","article-title":"Prostate cancer","volume":"398","author":"Sandhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042214","article-title":"Specific gut microbial environment in lard diet-induced prostate cancer development and progression","volume":"23","author":"Sato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.027","article-title":"Epidemiology and evaluation of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7732","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071303g","article-title":"Pomegranate ellagitannin-derived metabolites inhibit prostate cancer growth and localize to the mouse prostate gland","volume":"55","author":"Seeram","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-018-0061-x","article-title":"Compositional differences in gastrointestinal microbiota in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen axis-targeted therapies","volume":"21","author":"Sfanos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-024-01812-y","article-title":"Preliminary study of the effect of gut microbiota on the development of prostatitis","volume":"17","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genomics"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.02.2959","article-title":"Analysis of gut microbiome reveals significant differences between men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and controls","volume":"196","author":"Shoskes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2020.0098","article-title":"Gut microbial differences in breast and prostate cancer cases from two randomized controlled trials compared to matched cancer-free controls","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0755-7715","article-title":"The activity of urolithin A and M4 valerolactone, colonic microbiota metabolites of polyphenols, in a prostate cancer in vitro model","volume":"85","author":"Stanis\u0142awska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.03.054","article-title":"The effects of urolithins on the response of prostate cancer cells to non-steroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide","volume":"46","author":"Stanis\u0142awska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4941","article-title":"Extracts from Epilobium sp. herbs, their components and gut microbiota metabolites of Epilobium ellagitannins, urolithins, inhibit hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells-(LNCaP) proliferation and PSA secretion","volume":"27","author":"Stolarczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24223","article-title":"The Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human gut microbiota is associated with prostate enlargement","volume":"81","author":"Takezawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-051517-011947","article-title":"Treatment of advanced prostate cancer","volume":"70","author":"Teo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100643","article-title":"Antibiotic consumption patterns in european countries may be associated with the incidence of major carcinomas","volume":"9","author":"Tern\u00e1k","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiot. (Basel)"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.6_suppl.168","article-title":"Immune system and intestinal microbiota determine efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy against prostate cancer","volume":"10","author":"Terrisse","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.15698\/mic","article-title":"Effects of the intestinal microbiota on prostate cancer treatment by androgen deprivation therapy","volume":"9","author":"Terrisse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Cell."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2022.101874","article-title":"Short term ciprofloxacin and clindamycin combination antibiotic therapy before and after transrectal ultrasound scan and prostate biopsy: Its impact on major components of gut microbiome","volume":"66","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Probes."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247504","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/247504","article-title":"Pomegranate juice metabolites, ellagic acid and urolithin A, synergistically inhibit androgen-independent prostate cancer cell growth via distinct effects on cell cycle control and apoptosis","volume":"2013","author":"Vicinanza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000024","article-title":"Urinary tract infections and bacterial prostatitis in men","volume":"27","author":"Wagenlehner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.034","article-title":"Fecal microbiota-based treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection","volume":"186","author":"Walter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04587-6","article-title":"Gut microbiome in men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: profiling and its predictive significance","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.361","article-title":"The microbiome of the urinary tract\u2013a role beyond infection","volume":"12","author":"Whiteside","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B96","first-page":"170","article-title":"Probiotics for gastrointestinal conditions: A summary of the evidence","volume":"96","author":"Wilkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Fam Phys."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020467","article-title":"Inhibition of tumor growth by dietary indole-3-carbinol in a prostate cancer xenograft model may be associated with disrupted gut microbial interactions","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1248381","article-title":"Association between gut microbiota and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a two-sample mendelian randomization study","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1250369","article-title":"Effects of gut microbiota on prostatic cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.029","article-title":"Metabolites of gut microbiota fermenting Poria cocos polysaccharide alleviates chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in rats","volume":"209","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113521","article-title":"Androgen metabolism and response in prostate cancer anti-androgen therapy resistance","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01289-w","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis promotes prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance via activating NF-\u03baB-IL6-STAT3 axis","volume":"10","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2021.01.010","article-title":"Gut microbiota in cancer immune response and immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cancer."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0061-2","article-title":"You are what you eat: diet, health and the gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Zmora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1431088\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T01:10:34Z","timestamp":1722215434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1431088\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1431088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1431088","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"article-number":"1431088"}}