{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:54:45Z","timestamp":1793033685097,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001793","name":"Queensland University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Group B <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> (GBS) asymptomatically colonises the vagina of up to 40% of pregnant women and can transmit to neonates during birth, causing neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, and significant mortality. Vaginal GBS colonisation can be attributed to a range of host and bacterial factors, which may include the composition of the vaginal microbial community. There are few studies that have examined the vaginal community composition in relation to GBS colonisation throughout pregnancy. Here, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V4) on vaginal swabs from women at 24- and 36-weeks\u2019 gestation, who were GBS culture-negative or GBS culture-positive at either 24 weeks or 36 weeks\u2019 gestation or at both timepoints. Vaginal swabs from 93 women were analysed; 46 women were culture-negative, 11 women GBS culture-positive at 24 weeks only, 21 women GBS culture-positive at 36 weeks only and 15 women GBS culture-positive at both timepoints on <jats:italic>Brilliance<\/jats:italic> GBS agar. V3-V4 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated that in women that were GBS culture-positive at 36 weeks gestation only, <jats:italic>G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> was significantly more abundant at 24-weeks\u2019 gestation despite a lack of significant changes in community richness between the 24- and 36-week samples. The vaginal microbial communities of women persistently colonised with GBS, had a significantly higher abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus iners<\/jats:italic>, compared to other groups where <jats:italic>L. crispatus, L. gasseri<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>L. jensenii<\/jats:italic> were dominant. We have characterised the vaginal microbial community composition during pregnancy in relation to GBS colonisation status, in a longitudinal study for the first time. The most interesting finding was that in women that were persistently colonised with GBS throughout pregnancy, there was a significant increase in <jats:italic>L. iners<\/jats:italic> and significant reduction in <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> abundance. Given the lack of detail of the role that the vaginal microbial community plays in GBS colonisation in the literature, it is imperative that the relationship between <jats:italic>L. iners<\/jats:italic> and GBS in this unique environmental niche is further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1435745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:10:44Z","timestamp":1727673044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Group B Streptococcus vaginal colonisation throughout pregnancy is associated with decreased Lactobacillus crispatus and increased Lactobacillus iners abundance in the vaginal microbial community"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Toby I.","family":"Maidment","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise S.","family":"Pelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle J.","family":"Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddie","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Begun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marloes Dekker","family":"Nitert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kym M.","family":"Rae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki L.","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071279","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment strategies for group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in pediatrics: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00191-16","article-title":"Deblur rapidly resolves single-nucleotide community sequence patterns","volume":"2","author":"Amir","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24714","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402164200","article-title":"Alpha C protein of group B Streptococcus binds host cell surface glycosaminoglycan and enters cells by an actin-dependent mechanism","volume":"279","author":"Baron","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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Perspect. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women","author":"Ravel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. United States America."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14449","article-title":"Insights into the vaginal microbiome in a diverse group of women of African, Asian and European ancestries","volume":"10","author":"Roachford","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009581","article-title":"RESCRIPt: Reproducible sequence taxonomy reference database management","volume":"17","author":"Robeson","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS Comput. 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Bacteriol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111813","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing as a tool to detect vaginal microbiota disturbances during pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Sroka-Oleksiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187893.52488.4b","article-title":"Risk factors for group B streptococcal genitourinary tract colonization in pregnant women","volume":"106","author":"Stapleton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11090980","article-title":"Protective Effect of Lactobacillus crispatus against Vaginal Colonization with Group B Streptococci in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"Starc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13199","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus serotypes Ia and V induce differential vaginal immune responses that may contribute to long term colonization of the female reproductive tract","volume":"83","author":"Sweeney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. (New York NY: 1989)."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03624-9","article-title":"Relationship between vaginal group B streptococcus colonization in the early stage of pregnancy and preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Tano","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC pregnancy childbirth."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy508","article-title":"In silico and experimental evaluation of primer sets for species-level resolution of the vaginal microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing","volume":"219","author":"Van Der Pol","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. diseases."},{"key":"B60","unstructured":"Wickham\n              H.\n            \n            \n              Chang\n              W.\n            \n            \n              Henry\n              L.\n            \n            \n              Pedersen\n              T.\n            \n            \n              Takahashi\n              K.\n            \n            \n              Wilke\n              C."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.792787","article-title":"Contribution of Lactobacillus iners to vaginal health and diseases: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. infection Microbiol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00851-09","article-title":"Quantitative PCR assessments of bacterial species in women with and without bacterial vaginosis","volume":"48","author":"Zozaya-Hinchliffe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1435745\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:10:49Z","timestamp":1727673049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1435745\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1435745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1435745","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"article-number":"1435745"}}