{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:44:16Z","timestamp":1790876656133,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between preterm birth and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> species such as <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> has been extensively investigated. In a clinical setting, conventional diagnostic methods for them involve culture methods for <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp., along with PCR tests. However, the clinical utility of these tests remains controversial, highlighting the necessity for more robust and reliable methods for identifying and understanding <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the distribution of microbiota in pregnant women with <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> infection by the comparison of conventional diagnostic methods with vaginal microbial community analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective case\u2013control study involved 228 Korean pregnant women and utilized vaginal microbial community analysis, <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> culture, and 12-multiplex PCR for sexually transmitted diseases. Cross-correlation analysis in SPSS 27 compared the results of two conventional methods with vaginal microbial community analysis. R software generated box plots depicting the relative abundance of microorganisms. Network analysis was conducted using Cytoscape.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Positive <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> culture findings were observed in 60.2% of patients, with 76.4% positive for <jats:italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic> PCR and 13.2% positive for <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> PCR. <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> culture was positive only in two patients, while <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> PCR was positive in eight women. Vaginal microbial community analysis identified significant differences in relative abundances of <jats:italic>Gardnerella species<\/jats:italic> type I and <jats:italic>Fannyhessea vaginae<\/jats:italic> between the <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> PCR positive and negative groups. <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> PCR positive patients exhibited significant differences in 11 bacterial species, including <jats:italic>Gardnerella species<\/jats:italic> I and <jats:italic>Fannyhessea vaginae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that STD-PCR may be more accurate than <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> culture for the diagnosis of <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> infection. Also, the presence of <jats:italic>Gardnerella species<\/jats:italic> I and <jats:italic>Fannyhessea vaginae<\/jats:italic> implies their potential influences on <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> infections based on results of vaginal microbial community analysis. Therefore, vaginal microbial community analysis may give the more information of their pathophysiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1445300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T05:10:25Z","timestamp":1725858625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vaginal microbiota of pregnant women with Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kwan Young","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Hye","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul Kwon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joong Gyu","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Seok","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.672429","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis: what do we currently know","volume":"18","author":"Abou Chacra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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