{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:01:17Z","timestamp":1789624877460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009504","name":"School of Stomatology, Peking University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-PT-06, No. 82201022, No. ZDYF2021SHFZ229, 3030546840026, 82301072, 2021002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PT-06, No. 82201022, No. ZDYF2021SHFZ229, 3030546840026, 82301072, 2021002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>The purpose of this systematic bioinformatics analysis was to describe the compositions and differences in submucosal microbial profiles of peri-implants\u2019 diseases and healthy implant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Material and methods<\/jats:title>PubMed, Embase, ETH Z, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched to screen relevant literature on the analysis of peri-implant microflora based on the sequencing analysis technique of 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of microorganisms from healthy implants, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis was downloaded from the screened articles. EasyAmplicon and Usearch global algorithm were used to match the reads from each dataset to a full length of 16S rRNA or ITS gene sequence. The microorganisms based on the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) were re-classified, and the microbial diversity, flora composition, and differential species of the samples were re-analyzed, including taxonomic classification and alpha and beta diversity calculations. The co-occurrence network was also re-analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of seven articles with 240 implants were included. Among them, 51 were healthy implants (HI), 43 were in the peri-implant mucositis (PM) group, and 146 were in the peri-implantitis (PI) group. A total of 26,483 OTUs were obtained, and 877 microorganisms were annotated. The alpha diversity including Chao1 (healthy implants, 121.04 \u00b1 92.76; peri-implant mucositis, 128.21 \u00b1 66.77; peri-implantitis, 131.15 \u00b1 84.69) and Shannon (healthy implants, 3.25 \u00b1 0.65; peri-implant mucositis, 3.73 \u00b1 0.61; peri-implantitis, 3.53 \u00b1 0.67) of the samples from the three groups showed a significant difference. The beta diversity of the three samples was statistically different among groups. The genera of Treponema<\/jats:italic> and Fretibacterium<\/jats:italic> were significantly more abundant in the PI group than in the other two groups, and the genus of Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> was more abundant in the HI group. The relative abundance of Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic> in the peri-implantitis group was 6.1%. The results of the co-occurrence network showed differences in the network topology among the three groups of samples. The most connected three genera in the healthy implants were Halomonas<\/jats:italic>, Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, and Fretibacterium<\/jats:italic>. The most connected three genera in peri-implant mucositis were Alistipes<\/jats:italic>, Clostridia UCG-014<\/jats:italic>, and Candidatus Saccharimonas<\/jats:italic>. The most connected three genera in the peri-implantitis group were Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>, Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, and Atopobium<\/jats:italic>. The betweenness of Porphvromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (red complex) in the PI group (7,900) was higher than in the HI group (23).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The community compositions of peri-implant submucosal microorganisms were significantly different in healthy implants, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. The submucosal microbial communities in peri-implantitis were characterized by high species richness and diversity compared with the healthy implants; the relative abundance of red complex, some members of the yellow complex, and some novel periodontal pathogens was higher in the peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis groups than in the healthy implant group. The core flora of the co-occurrence network of healthy implants, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis varied considerably. The peri-implantitis site presented a relative disequilibrium microbial community, and Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic> may play an important role in the co-occurrence network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1445751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T05:10:15Z","timestamp":1724908215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Microbiome of diseased and healthy implants\u2014a comprehensive microbial data analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pingyi","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinchen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongye","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxia","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000682","article-title":"Shift of microbial composition of peri-implantitis-associated oral biofilm as revealed by 16S rRNA gene cloning","volume":"67","author":"Al-Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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