{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:31:39Z","timestamp":1789576299946,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the detection performance of mNGS against that of conventional tests (CT) in patients suffering from infection after kidney transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 138 samples from 85 kidney transplant patients with acute or chronic infections were simultaneously analyzed using mNGS and CT from July 2021 to August 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with CT, mNGS demonstrated a higher sensitivity (95.96% vs. 27.27%) but lower specificity (48.72% vs. 84.62%) in pathogen detection. Moreover, mNGS exhibited significant advantages in detecting mixed and rare infections. The pathogens commonly identified in kidney transplant patients were severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), followed by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). mNGS guided the precise clinical diagnosis in 89.13% of cases and assisted in altering therapeutics from empirical antibiotic approaches to personalized plans in 56.10% of cases, including treatment escalation (40.65%), initiation (11.38%), drug adjustment (3.25%), and de-escalation (0.81%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrated the superior detection performance of mNGS and its significant clinical value.  This reflected the great potential of mNGS as a complementary clinical detection technology for kidney transplant patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1456407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T06:21:20Z","timestamp":1731565280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deciphering the pathogen heterogeneity for precise diagnosis and personalized therapeutics of infections after kidney transplantation: insights from metagenomic next-generation sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangnan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baocui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuedong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00283-6","article-title":"Hospitalizations for cytomegalovirus disease after renal transplantation in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Abbott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. 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