{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:53:03Z","timestamp":1791910383092,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenic distribution of co-infections and immunological status of patients infected with human adenovirus serotypes 3 or 7 (HAdV-3 or HAdV-7) were poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study involved a retrospective analysis of respiratory specimens collected from enrolled children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), positive for HAdV-3 or HAdV-7 from January 2017 to December 2019. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory and radiographic findings were compared to delineate the impact of co-infections, and immune responses on clinical severity of HAdV-3 or HAdV-7 infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1311cases enrolled, there were 66 infected with HAdV-3 and 58 with HAdV-7. HAdV-7-infected patients exhibited more prolonged fever (100% vs 89.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.014), pneumonia (100% vs 89.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.014), hypoxia (34.5% vs 12.1%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.003), higher propensity for aspartate aminotransferase exceeding 80U\/L (21.1% vs 4.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.006), D-Dimer exceeding 1.65mg\/L (64.9% vs 12.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), consolidation (50.0% vs 27.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.011), and pleural effusion (32.8% vs 6.5%, p&amp;lt;0.001), co-infections with <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (77.1% vs 32.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), and multiple infections (56.8% vs 41.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.007), compared to those with HAdV-3 infections. Immune cell analysis indicated that HAdV-7 infections led to a more pronounced decrease in CD3+ T cells (1596.8 vs 2444.8 cells\/\ud835\udecdl, p=0.042), CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (668.6 vs 774.0 cells\/\u00b5l, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.045), and increased NK cell percentages (11.5% vs 9.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.044) compared to HAdV-3 infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospitalized children with HAdV-7-associated LRTIs exhibit greater severity, multiple infections, and significant potential for greater cellular immune dysregulation compared to those with HAdV-3 infection, indicating a more severe clinical course and distinct pathogenic profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1482787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T06:12:14Z","timestamp":1736403134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of co-infections and immune responses on clinical severity of human adenovirus 3 and 7 infections in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ri","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinwei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir531","article-title":"The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"53","author":"Bradley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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