{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:45:22Z","timestamp":1790959522347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The vaginal microbiota is a complex and dynamic micro-ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in protecting the host from various pathogens. Previous studies have investigated the diversity of the vaginal microbiome and its association with health outcomes, particularly the development of HPV-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the vaginal microbiota, HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs), and cervical cancers in 69 women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA was extracted from vaginal samples, followed by HPV genotyping through PCR and sequenced of the16S rRNA gene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the predominant bacterium across all groups, with prevalence rates of 60.2% in women with HPV+, 63.9% in CINI, 97.7% in CINII, 52.0% in CINIII, 36.9% in cervical cancer, and 70.9% in NILM (normal cytology). Additionally, an elevated proportion of Gardnerella was identified as a high-risk bacterium associated with HPV infection, potentially contributing to the progression of cervical lesions. High-risk HPV genotypes, particularly HPV16, 52, and 33, were found to be more prevalent among women with HPV+, CIN, and cervical cancer. We also observed significantly higher alpha diversity in the vaginal microbiome of women with HPV+ and CIN, as indicated by increased Sobs, Shannon, Ace, and Chao indices, compared to the NILM group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that HPV infection and its associated pathological conditions are closely linked to alterations in the vaginal microbiome. This underscores the need for further research to unravel the intricate relationship between HPV genotype infections and vaginal microbiota, which could pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1483544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:10:53Z","timestamp":1737072653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Vaginal microbiome distinction in women with HPV+, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cervical cancer, a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuanyue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00164","article-title":"Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis","volume":"6","author":"Aldunate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.01.013","article-title":"Cervicovaginal microbiota and reproductive health: the virtue of simplicity","volume":"23","author":"Anahtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30482-6","article-title":"Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis","volume":"8","author":"Arbyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9168","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179168","article-title":"Protective mechanisms of vaginal lactobacilli against sexually transmitted viral infections","volume":"25","author":"Avitabile","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314815","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/314815","article-title":"Zhang AM et\u00a0al: Status of Human Papillomavirus Infection in the Ethnic Population in Yunnan Province, China","volume":"2015","author":"Baloch","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/03008916231208344","article-title":"De Vincenzo R et\u00a0al: HPV-related lesions after hysterectomy for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage cervical cancer: A focus on the potential role of vaccination","volume":"110","author":"Bogani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tumori J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15981","article-title":"The vaginal metabolome and microbiota of cervical HPV-positive and HPV-negative women: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"127","author":"Borgogna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00313-0","article-title":"Role played by lactobacilli in controlling the population of vaginal pathogens","volume":"2","author":"Boris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.12.011","article-title":"Vaginal dysbiosis and the risk of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"221","author":"Brusselaers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5807","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05807","article-title":"Deep sequencing extends the diversity of human papillomaviruses in human skin","volume":"4","author":"Bzhalava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/488S2a","article-title":"HPV: The global burden","volume":"488","author":"Crow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70230-8","article-title":"Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study","volume":"11","author":"de Sanjose","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00355","article-title":"Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus infections and cancer biology","volume":"9","author":"Gheit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta23280","article-title":"HPV testing compared with routine cytology in cervical screening: long-term follow-up of ARTISTIC RCT","volume":"23","author":"Gilham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36129\/jog.2024.161","article-title":"State of the art on HPV-related cervical lesions","volume":"36","author":"Golia D\u2019Aug\u00e8","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ital. J. Gynaecology Obstet."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.552028","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases, molecular pathogenesis, and vaccine evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Kombe Kombe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203403","article-title":"Differences in the viral genome between HPV-positive cervical and oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"13","author":"LeConte","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063514","article-title":"Association of the vaginal microbiota with human papillomavirus infection in a Korean twin cohort","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.v128.4","article-title":"Human papillomavirus type distribution in 30,848 invasive cervical cancers worldwide: Variation by geographical region, histological type and year of publication","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn025","article-title":"SOAP: short oligonucleotide alignment program","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw184","article-title":"The vaginal microbiome: current understanding and future directions","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000774","article-title":"Higher levels of a cytotoxic protein, vaginolysin, in lactobacillus-deficient community state types at the vaginal mucosa","volume":"45","author":"Nowak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"331","article-title":"Unraveling the dynamics of the human vaginal microbiome","volume":"89","author":"Nunn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","article-title":"Tacket CO et\u00a0al: Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women","author":"Ravel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.05.008","article-title":"Prevalence of high-risk HPV and its distribution in cervical precancerous lesions among 35-64 years old women who received cervical cancer screening in Beijing","volume":"52","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1113\/tjp.2017.595.issue-2","article-title":"The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology","volume":"595","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.04.001","article-title":"The role of lactic acid production by probiotic Lactobacillus species in vaginal health","volume":"168","author":"Tachedjian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06244","article-title":"The human microbiome project","volume":"449","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008376","article-title":"Cervicovaginal microbiome and natural history of HPV in a longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Usyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000352","article-title":"Statistical methods for detecting differentially abundant features in clinical metagenomic samples","volume":"5","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B32","unstructured":"WHO Cervical cancer: Key facts\n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.v109:3","article-title":"Cervical cancer as a priority for prevention in different world regions: an evaluation using years of life lost","volume":"109","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1483544\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:10:57Z","timestamp":1737072657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1483544\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1483544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1483544","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"article-number":"1483544"}}