{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T16:42:05Z","timestamp":1792773725669,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-22-0372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-22-0372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0137\/21, 2\/0004\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0137\/21, 2\/0004\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Europe\n                      <jats:italic>, Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensu lato (s.l.), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis is transmitted by the castor bean tick,\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In the last decades, global changes affect the spread of ticks and also their bionomics. The aim of this study was summarization of a large dataset obtained during 20 years of research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The research was carried out in 1999-2019 at 16 localities in Slovakia that were continuously monitored. In total, 17,249 questing\n                      <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ticks were tested for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.l.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The total prevalence of infected ticks was 18.8% (3,248\/17,249), with 15.1% (1,557\/10,302) infected nymphs and 24.3% (1,691\/6,947) infected adults. Nine species of\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.l. were identified.\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (37.1%),\n                      <jats:italic>B. garinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>bavariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (24.7%), and\n                      <jats:italic>B. valaisiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      (15.4%) were the most frequent and were present at all study sites, followed by\n                      <jats:italic>B. lusitaniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (12.6%),\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensu stricto (4.1%) and\n                      <jats:italic>B. spielmanii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1.6%).\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia bavariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was confirmed only in four samples (0.1%), however, detection of this species has been performed only since 2017.\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia bissettii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>B. kurtenbachii<\/jats:italic>\n                      were both recorded in one case. The total prevalence differed significantly among four habitat types (urban, suburban, natural, agricultural). The highest infection prevalence was confirmed in natural habitat (22.0%), the lowest in urban habitat (13.2%). In addition, molecular analysis was carried out on part of the collected ticks previously morphologically identified as\n                      <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The analysis did not confirm the occurrence of\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodes inopinatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Slovakia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term monitoring of the abundance and spread of ticks as well as the prevalence and genetic variability of tick-borne pathogens can reveal the impact of global climatic and socio-economic changes on different habitats, including natural foci of tick-borne pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1496925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T14:10:11Z","timestamp":1734012611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Two decades of research on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in Slovakia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Veronika","family":"Rus\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1 Tarage\u013eov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark\u00e9ta","family":"Derd\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Selyemov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Chvost\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Mangov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliya M.","family":"Didyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]},{"name":"Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine","place":["Kyiv, Ukraine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Ko\u010di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Kolen\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronislava","family":"V\u00edchov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branislav","family":"Pe\u0165ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Stanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Kazim\u00edrov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences","place":["Bratislava, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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