{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:22:02Z","timestamp":1776824522370,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Helicobacter pylori (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) represents a significant chronic health concern, affecting approximately half of the global population. While <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection has been closely linked to numerous extradigestive diseases, the relationship between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> and lesions in the gallbladder and biliary tract remains under debate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively collected data from patients who underwent <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> tests at the Physical Examination Center of Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital) between 2018 and 2022. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between parameters and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, we utilized population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database as an external validation cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 30,612 patients were included in the training set, with 22,296 (72.8%) belonging to the <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> non-infection group and 8,316 (27.2%) to the <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection group. Compared to the non-infection group, patients in the infection group exhibited a significant decrease in albumin levels and a notable increase in total cholesterol and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels. Furthermore, the infection group demonstrated significantly higher occurrences of gallbladder cholesterol crystals (6.0%), gallbladder polyps (20.2%), and atherosclerosis (25.6%) compared to the non-infection group, with respective rates of 5.1%, 19.1%, and 21.4% (average p &amp;lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of fatty liver, intrahepatic inflammation, gallstones, or cholecystitis. Additional regression analysis revealed that <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>, age, BMI, albumin, and total cholesterol were independent risk factors for the cholesterol crystals and atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is closely associated with the gallbladder cholesterol crystals and atherosclerosis, albeit not with conditions such as fatty liver, gallbladder stones, or cholecystitis. Future research necessitates multi-center, prospective studies to corroborate these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1477699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T09:32:17Z","timestamp":1741339937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis between Helicobacter pylori infection and hepatobiliary diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhenjun","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengdie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaojian","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuetao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaosheng","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S237866","article-title":"Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a developing country: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Abo-Amer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. 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