{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T06:10:05Z","timestamp":1756793405859,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>, known as the \"super fungus\", is commonly existed in hospital. The treatment of <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> infection is difficult for its multi-drug resistance and difficult to accurately detect. The use of synthetic antibacterial agents has caused major problems such as drug-resistance and environment pollution and negatively affects non-target species. Microbial biocontrol agents (probiotics) are needed for fungal infection. <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> and related genera produce a variety of bioactive substances. As probiotics, it has been widely studied in the field of medicine and is a novel microbial factor for biological control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> NC-B4 was isolated using gradient dilution method. Then it was identified by phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characteristics. The antibacterial mechanism of NC-B4 was explored by detecting cellulase, protease and genomic analysis. Then antimicrobial effects were analyzed by detecting the growth and biofilm of <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> BJCA001. Finally, the cytotoxicity and the protective effect on mice were analyzed by cell line and mouse systemic infection models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We isolated <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> NC-B4, which showed cellulase, protease enzyme activity and antimicrobial effects against human pathogenic fungi by inhibiting the growth of Candida auris, <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> and mycelial fungus. <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> NC-B4 inhibited the biofilm formation and growth of C. auris. <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> NC-B4 has a protective effect against the toxicity of Candida auris in A549 cell line and mouse systemic infection models. The complete genome of <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> NC-B4 was 3.93 Mb with a 46.5% G+C content and possessed the macrolactin H, bacillaene, fengycin, difficidin, bacillibactin and bacilysin biosynthesis cluster, which known as key factors in biological control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the present study indicated that <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> NC-B4 has antimicrobial properties for its cellulase, protease and antibacterial secondary metabolites, thereby inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and the formation of biofilms. <jats:italic>B. velezensis<\/jats:italic> NC-B4 is expected to be developed as a source for probiotics or new antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1515537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T05:34:58Z","timestamp":1756791298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacillus velezensis NC-B4 as a promising antifungal agent for biocontrol of Candida auris"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chunxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoyu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zimei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12699","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of disinfectants utilised for skin decolonisation and environmental decontamination during a hospital outbreak with Candida auris","volume":"60","author":"Abdolrasouli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycoses."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00619-17","article-title":"The dual activity responsible for the elongation and branching of \u03b2-(1,3)-glucan in the fungal cell wall","volume":"8","author":"Aimanianda","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030652","article-title":"Candida auris: A continuing threat","volume":"13","author":"Bhargava","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2008.08.007","article-title":"Interactions of Bacillus spp. and plants \u2013 With special reference to induced systemic resistance (ISR)","volume":"164","author":"Choudhary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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