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Studies indicate that UC development results from a complex interplay of factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, gut microbial dysbiosis, and immune dysregulation. Specifically, UC pathogenesis involves aberrant immune responses triggered by interactions between the host and gut microbiota. A complex, dynamic relationship exists between the microbial community and the host immune system throughout UC pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in microbiota composition significantly impact gut immunity. This review will examine the intricate balance between the gut microbiota and mucosal immunity in UC progression and discuss potential therapeutic applications, providing a reference for further clinical treatment of this patient population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1565082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T01:23:24Z","timestamp":1744161804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Gut microbiota and intestinal immunity interaction in ulcerative colitis and its application in treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Bu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siche","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20413","article-title":"Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha in the intestinal epithelial cells protects against inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Ahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100027R","article-title":"Microbial-derived indoles inhibit neutrophil myeloperoxidase to diminish bystander tissue damage","volume":"35","author":"Alexeev","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300596","article-title":"Altered human gut dendritic cell properties in ulcerative colitis are reversed by Lactobacillus plantarum extracellular encrypted peptide STp","volume":"58","author":"Al-Hassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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