{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:07:29Z","timestamp":1758701249500,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detecting microbes in amniotic fluids via amniocentesis represents the standard method for diagnosing intrauterine infections. Given its similarity to metagenomic next-generation sequencing, copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) data may also contain microbial sequences. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the feasibility of prenatal CNV-seq for detecting <jats:italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>) in amniotic fluids and to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes in <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>-positive cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study enrolled 2419 singleton pregnant women who underwent genetic amniocentesis for fetal CNV-seq testing and completed the follow-up with documented pregnancy outcomes. The CNV-seq data were reanalyzed to extract the read counts of <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> from each sample\u2019s raw data, and reads per million (RPM) was used to quantify its relative abundance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of asymptomatic intrauterine <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> positivity in this cohort was 1.4% (33\/2419), with read counts ranging 1 to 30423 and RPM from 0.09 to 3580.65 by reanalysis of CNV-seq data. There was a statistically significantly higher risk for early spontaneous preterm labor (&amp;lt;32 gestational weeks; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001) and preterm premature rupture of the membranes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001) in women with positive <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> compared to negative cases. Among <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> positive cases, six cases (6\/33, 18.2%) had relatively higher read counts ranging from 2483 to 30423, with corresponding RPM of 406.45 to 3580.65. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were exclusively observed among women with high reads of <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> as opposed to those with low reads. Four cases with high <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> reads in amniotic fluids, not treated with antibiotics, showed a latency period of 6 to 10 weeks from positive detection to the onset of clinical manifestations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CNV-seq may be a feasible method for detecting intraamniotic <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> infection. High abundance of asymptomatic <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> in amniotic fluids are statistically associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, highlighting its importance in preliminary screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1579049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T05:35:43Z","timestamp":1755149743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Ureaplasma parvum in amniotic fluids via reanalysis of prenatal copy number variation sequencing data: an exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Guan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weifen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237ra65","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599","article-title":"The placenta harbors a unique microbiome","volume":"6","author":"Aagaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13770","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13770","article-title":"Modeling an ascending infection by Ureaplasma parvum and its cell signaling and inflammatory response at the feto-maternal interface","volume":"90","author":"Bento","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12217","article-title":"Rapid bacterial genome sequencing: methods and applications in clinical microbiology","volume":"19","author":"Bertelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0349-6","article-title":"Analytical and clinical validation of a microbial cell-free DNA sequencing test for infectious disease","volume":"4","author":"Blauwkamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.07.010","article-title":"Detecting viral sequences in NGS data","volume":"39","author":"Cantalupo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.1.69","article-title":"Ureaplasma urealyticum intrauterine infection: role in prematurity and disease in newborns","volume":"6","author":"Cassell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0113-7","article-title":"Clinical metagenomics","volume":"20","author":"Chiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4703-0","article-title":"Characterization and remediation of sample index swaps by non-redundant dual indexing on massively parallel sequencing platforms","volume":"19","author":"Costello","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1140734","article-title":"The common vaginal commensal bacterium Ureaplasma parvum is associated with chorioamnionitis in extreme preterm labor","volume":"29","author":"Cox","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2016.12.022","article-title":"Application of next generation sequencing in clinical microbiology and infection prevention","volume":"243","author":"Deurenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00830.x","article-title":"Prevalence and diversity of microbes in the amniotic fluid, the fetal inflammatory response, and pregnancy outcome in women with preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes","volume":"64","author":"DiGiulio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2015.199","article-title":"Low-pass whole-genome sequencing in clinical cytogenetics: a validated approach","volume":"18","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01779-22","article-title":"Background Filtering of Clinical Metagenomic Sequencing with a Library Concentration-Normalized Model","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09285-9","article-title":"Cervicovaginal microbiota and local immune response modulate the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"10","author":"Elovitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1086\/368205","article-title":"Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in second-trimester amniotic fluid by polymerase chain reaction correlates with subsequent preterm labor and delivery","volume":"187","author":"Gerber","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422007","article-title":"Intrauterine infection\u00a0and preterm delivery","volume":"342","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970120206","article-title":"Adverse outcome in pregnancy following amniotic fluid isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum","volume":"12","author":"Gray","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012751","article-title":"Clinical Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2013.04.006","article-title":"Diagnosis of copy number variation by Illumina next generation sequencing is comparable in performance to oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridisation","volume":"102","author":"Hayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13339.x","article-title":"The transplacental transfer of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, roxithromycin and azithromycin","volume":"107","author":"Heikkinen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S235182","article-title":"Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing versus Traditional Pathogen Detection in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Infectious Lesions","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802572646","article-title":"Quantification of Ureaplasma urealyticum DNA in the amniotic fluid from patients in PTL and pPROM and its relation to inflammatory cytokine levels","volume":"88","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13036-1","article-title":"Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain-level microbiome analysis","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062990","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes associated with Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Jonduo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.04.028","article-title":"The microbial load with genital mycoplasmas correlates with the degree of histologic chorioamnionitis in preterm PROM","volume":"205","author":"Kacerovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.01.004","article-title":"The impact of the microbial load of genital mycoplasmas and gestational age on the intensity of intraamniotic inflammation","volume":"206","author":"Kacerovsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.12.023","article-title":"The bacterial load of Ureaplasma parvum in amniotic fluid is correlated with an increased intrauterine inflammatory response","volume":"67","author":"Kasper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.51-55.2006","article-title":"Association between preterm birth and vaginal colonization by mycoplasmas in early pregnancy","volume":"44","author":"Kataoka","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206290","article-title":"Antibiotics for amniotic-fluid colonization by Ureaplasma and\/or Mycoplasma spp. to prevent preterm birth: A randomized trial","volume":"13","author":"Kayem","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002743","article-title":"Incorporating 16S gene copy number information improves estimates of microbial diversity and abundance","volume":"8","author":"Kembel","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2003.020","article-title":"Biovar diversity of Ureaplasma urealyticum in amniotic fluid: distribution, intrauterine inflammatory response and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Perinat Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.040","article-title":"Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance","volume":"213","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.09.013","article-title":"Amnionitis with Ureaplasma urealyticum or other microbes leads to increased morbidity and prolonged hospitalization in very low birth weight infants","volume":"134","author":"Kirchner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet Gynecol Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000792","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202000792","article-title":"High-Throughput Metagenomics for Identification of Pathogens in the Clinical Settings","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2014.05.002","article-title":"Copy number variation sequencing for comprehensive diagnosis of chromosome disease syndromes","volume":"16","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04401-y","article-title":"Prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities and\u00a0copy number variants in fetuses with congenital gastrointestinal obstruction","volume":"22","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC\u00a0Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.238170.118","article-title":"Laboratory validation of a clinical metagenomic sequencing assay for pathogen detection in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"29","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00797-20","article-title":"Intra-Amniotic Infection with Ureaplasma parvum Causes Preterm Birth and Neonatal Mortality That Are Prevented by Treatment with Clarithromycin","volume":"11","author":"Motomura","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.859732","article-title":"Genital Mycoplasmas and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Their Association with Spontaneous Preterm Birth and Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Noda-Nicolau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2018.08.001","article-title":"A novel mba-based Real time PCR approach for genotyping of Ureaplasma parvum validated in a cohort of Mongolian mothers and offspring","volume":"308","author":"Otgonjargal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14089-y","article-title":"Cervical epithelial damage promotes Ureaplasma parvum ascending infection, intrauterine inflammation and preterm birth induction in mice","volume":"11","author":"Pavlidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1110-x","article-title":"Ureaplasma parvum genotype, combined vaginal colonisation with Candida albicans, and spontaneous preterm birth in an Australian cohort of pregnant women","volume":"16","author":"Payne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.070","article-title":"Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in midtrimester amniotic fluid: association with amniotic fluid cytokine levels and pregnancy outcome","volume":"191","author":"Perni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.01.193","article-title":"The placental membrane microbiome is altered among subjects with spontaneous preterm birth with and without chorioamnionitis","volume":"214","author":"Prince","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.686247","article-title":"A Retrospective Paired Comparison Between Untargeted Next Generation Sequencing and Conventional Microbiology Tests With Wisely Chosen Metagenomic Sequencing Positive Criteria","volume":"8","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3390\/children8040276","article-title":"Maternal Vaginal Ureaplasma spp. Colonization in Early Pregnancy Is Associated with Adverse Short- and Long-Term Outcome of Very Preterm Infants","volume":"8","author":"Rittenschober-B\u00f6hm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.01.237","article-title":"Vaginal Ureaplasma parvum serovars and spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"220","author":"Rittenschober-B\u00f6hm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000480065","article-title":"First Trimester Vaginal Ureaplasma Biovar Colonization and Preterm Birth: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study","volume":"113","author":"Rittenschober-B\u00f6hm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.482609","article-title":"Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in amniotic fluid: association with pregnancy outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251816","article-title":"Preterm labor: one syndrome, many causes","volume":"345","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-956773","article-title":"The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth","volume":"25","author":"Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw408","article-title":"Intra-amniotic Ureaplasma parvum-Induced Maternal and Fetal Inflammation and Immune Responses in Rhesus Macaques","volume":"214","author":"Senthamaraikannan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4861","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1869932","article-title":"Intra-amniotic infection and sterile intra-amniotic inflammation are associated with elevated concentrations of cervical fluid interleukin-6 in women with spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes","volume":"35","author":"Stranik","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.905132","article-title":"Clinical Application and Influencing Factor Analysis of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in ICU Patients With Sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv587","article-title":"Placental Infection With Ureaplasma species Is Associated With Histologic Chorioamnionitis and Adverse Outcomes in Moderately Preterm and Late-Preterm Infants","volume":"213","author":"Sweeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-21-0308","article-title":"Inflammatory response elicited by Ureaplasma parvum colonization in human cervical epithelial, stromal, and immune cells","volume":"163","author":"Tantengco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.02.003","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of clinical chorioamnionitis","volume":"37","author":"Tita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioae027","article-title":"Membrane Inflammasome Activation by Choriodecidual Ureaplasma parvum Infection without Intra-Amniotic Infection in an NHP Model","volume":"110","author":"Tripathy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.10.001","article-title":"Effects of Ureaplasma parvum lipoprotein multiple-banded antigen on pregnancy outcome in mice","volume":"100","author":"Uchida","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2009.12.003","article-title":"Ureaplasma species: role in diseases of prematurity","volume":"37","author":"Viscardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26555-6","article-title":"Identification of copy number variations among fetuses with ultrasound soft markers using next-generation sequencing","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.05.030","article-title":"Prospective chromosome analysis of 3429 amniocentesis samples in China using copy number variation sequencing","volume":"219","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.067","article-title":"Increased intrauterine frequency of Ureaplasma urealyticum in women with preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes and subsequent cesarean delivery","volume":"193","author":"Witt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.171","article-title":"Placental passage of clarithromycin surpasses other macrolide antibiotics","volume":"188","author":"Witt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00637-11","article-title":"Extensive horizontal gene transfer in ureaplasmas from humans questions the utility of serotyping for diagnostic purposes","volume":"49","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12456","article-title":"Polymicrobial Amniotic Fluid Infection with Mycoplasma\/Ureaplasma and Other Bacteria Induces Severe Intra-Amniotic Inflammation Associated with Poor Perinatal Prognosis in Preterm Labor","volume":"75","author":"Yoneda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.109036","article-title":"Clinical implications of detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in the amniotic cavity with the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"183","author":"Yoon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00839-1","article-title":"The clinical significance of detecting Ureaplasma urealyticum by the polymerase chain reaction in the amniotic fluid of patients with preterm labor","volume":"189","author":"Yoon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4782","article-title":"Identification of copy number variations associated with congenital heart disease by chromosomal microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0678-6","article-title":"Towards precision quantification of contamination in metagenomic sequencing experiments","volume":"7","author":"Zinter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1579049\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T05:35:45Z","timestamp":1755149745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1579049\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1579049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1579049","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"article-number":"1579049"}}