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Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)<\/jats:italic> infection induced miRNA dysregulation plays an important role in gastric cancer (GC) and exosomes mediate the spread of pathogenic effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expression of miR-362-5p and its clinical significance in GC were analyzed using data from TCGA. The effects of miR-362-5p on GC cells\u2019 proliferation and migration were examined by using CCK-8, EdU, transwell and scratch assays. MKN45 xenograft model in nude mice was employed to evaluate impacts of miR-362-5p on GC progression in vivo. Target gene of miR-362-5p was screened by bioinformatic analysis and verified by using dual-luciferase assay. Exosomes from H. pylori-infected GES-1 cell (Hp-GES-EVs) were isolated and miR-362-5p inside the exosome was detected. The uptake of exosome by GC cells was observed through fluorescence imaging and exosome-mediated pathogenesis was explored. Furthermore, the transport of exosome-mediated miR-362-5p via blood was examined. The effect of exosome-carried miR-362-5p on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression was investigated by hepatocyte\u2019s uptake, proliferation and migration assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>miR-362-5p was significantly upregulated in GC tissues associated with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Downregulation of miR-362-5p in GC cells inhibited proliferation and migration in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo, counteracting H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis. TLE4 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-362-5p, and miR-362-5p\/TLE4 axis implicated in H. pylori-driven neoplastic transformations in GC cells. Hp-GES-EVs mediated the transport of miR-362-5p, was absorbed by GC cells and detected at elevated levels in the serum of infected mice. Moreover, Hp-GES-EVs were diffused to liver and taken up by liver cells, enhancing HCC cell proliferation and migration by targeting TLE4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection upregulates miR-362-5p, facilitating GC progression via TLE4 targeting. Exosome-mediated transfer amplifies its effects, contributing to liver damage and potentially facilitating HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1582131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T05:27:19Z","timestamp":1746682039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Helicobacter pylori induced miR-362-5p upregulation drives gastric cancer progression and links hepatocellular carcinoma through an exosome-dependent pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zekun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00096","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori as an initiating factor of complications in patients with cirrhosis: A single-center observational study","volume":"7","author":"Abdel-Razik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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