{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:45:16Z","timestamp":1790700316415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Periodontal disease (PD) is a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 19% of the world\u2019s population. It is one of the most prevalent diseases today, causing substantial socio-economic impacts and diminished quality of life. Recent research has also revealed a potential link between PD and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Juglans regia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pfaffia paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts against\n                    <jats:italic>P. endodontalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , bacteria that cause PD and are related to Alzheimer\u2019s risk. The study also assessed the impact of these extracts on macrophage metabolic activity, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and genotoxicity. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out first. Antimicrobial activity was performed using the M11-A7 protocol (CLSI) for planktonic cultures on monotypic biofilms matured for 168 hours in anaerobiosis. Cell viability analysis was carried out using MTT on mouse macrophages (RAW 264-7), as well as genotoxicity assessment using micronuclei. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using ELISA method, checking the cytokines IL-6, IL-1B, TNF-alpha, IL-17 and IL-10. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Miquelianin, Regiolone and Gallic Acid in\n                    <jats:italic>J. regia<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract. For the\n                    <jats:italic>P. paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract, we identified the glycosides Pfaffoside C, Pfaffoside A, 3-O-\u03b2-D-glycopyranosyl-oleanolic acid and Beta-ecdysone. Antimicrobial activity revealed a MBC of 1.73 for the extract of J. regia and 0.48 for\n                    <jats:italic>P. paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>P. endodontalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . All biofilms were reduced by more than 89% after treatment with the extracts for 5 min. Cytotoxicity evaluations revealed that cell viability remained above 50% at concentrations up to 0.216 mg\/ml for\n                    <jats:italic>J. regia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 0.015 mg\/ml for\n                    <jats:italic>P. paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Neither extract exhibited genotoxicity. Furthermore, both demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity by promoting the production of the cytokine IL-10. In conclusion, the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of\n                    <jats:italic>J. regia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts suggest their potential as treatments for oral dysbiosis, which may contribute to a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1585438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T01:20:27Z","timestamp":1747358427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Juglans regia and Pfaffia paniculata extracts: implications for periodontal disease treatment and correlation with Alzheimer\u2019s risk"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Diego Garcia","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Health Systemic Process - P2S, UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon","place":["Lyon, France"]},{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University","place":["S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, Brazil"]},{"name":"Multimaterials and Interfaces Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5615, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon","place":["Lyon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Carrouel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Health Systemic Process - 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