{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:24:57Z","timestamp":1789061097361,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary abscess is a serious infectious disease characterized by localized lung tissue necrosis, primarily caused by anaerobic or facultative anaerobic bacterial infections. While the <jats:italic>Streptococcus anginosus group<\/jats:italic> (SAG) is a well-established pathogen in pulmonary abscess formation, recent findings suggest that strict anaerobes such as <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus stomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Parvimonas micra<\/jats:italic> can also contribute to deep-seated infections. However, their role in rapidly progressive pulmonary abscesses has not been previously documented. Here, we present a case of a rapidly progressive pulmonary abscess caused by <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus stomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Parvimonas micra<\/jats:italic> in an immunocompetent patient, initially misdiagnosed as lung cancer. This case highlights the importance of differentiating infectious lung lesions from malignancies and underscores the clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing rare anaerobic infections, offering valuable insights for precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1590220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T05:15:25Z","timestamp":1749618925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rapidly progressive pulmonary abscess initially misdiagnosed as lung cancer: the role of Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Parvimonas micra"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhidong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bicui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8665","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.8665","article-title":"An Unusual Presentation of Prostatic Abscess due to Actinomyces turicensis and Peptostreptococcus","volume":"12","author":"Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.11.016","article-title":"How important are anaerobic bacteria in aspiration pneumonia: when should they be treated and what is optimal therapy","volume":"27","author":"Bartlett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. 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