{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:48:00Z","timestamp":1788997680787,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coexistent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) is problematic, posing challenges for patient management. This study focused on the clinical characteristics of coexistent CIN 2\/3 and VaIN (all degrees), evaluating the proclivity for disease recurrence\/persistence at 6 months after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective case\u2013control study of women treated for coexistent CIN 2\/3 and VaIN (CE group) was undertaken between January 2018 and December 2020. During the same period, women with CIN 2\/3 only were selected chronologically (1:2 ratio) for comparison (sCIN group). A loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) was the standard treatment for CIN 2\/3, performing electrofulguration of VaIN in tandem. First follow-up visits at 6 months thereafter entailed testing for human papillomavirus (HPV). Univariate and multivariate analyses served to assess pertinent risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 91 CE group members, each treated for coexistent CIN 2\/3 and VaIN (VaIN 1, 35; VaIN 2\/3, 56). Age \u226550 years (OR = 3.362, 95% CI: 1.421\u20137.954) emerged as an independent risk factor for coexistent disease. Positive margins and persistent high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection after treatment were more common in the CE (vs. sCIN) group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.012 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively), as was recurrent\/persistent high-grade disease (17.6% vs. 2.2%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). In the CE group, persistent HR-HPV infection 6 months after treatment (OR = 21.320, 95% CI: 2.509\u2013181.188) was the sole independent risk factor for disease recurrence\/persistence at 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive vaginal wall examinations are warranted for women with CIN 2\/3, particularly those &amp;gt;50 years old. Close follow-up by HPV test is also indicated if CIN 2\/3 and VaIN coexist, given a heightened incidence of recurrent\/persistent disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1602216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T05:47:40Z","timestamp":1752126460000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Human papillomavirus infection and disease recurrence\/persistence after treatment for women of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with coexisting vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangcong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.04.011","article-title":"Management of multicentric lesions of the lower genital tract","volume":"132","author":"Ait Menguellet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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