{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:20:02Z","timestamp":1784272802530,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the effect of MMF(Massa Medicata Fermentata)on the secretion of cytokines of colon mucosa and visceral sensitivity in rats with IBS-D(diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      45 adult male SD rats (Spragua-dawley) were randomly divided into Normal control group (NC). IBS-D model group (Model); MMF intervention group (MMF). qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) was used to detect the quantity of fecal\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; FITC-Dextran (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Dextran) was used to detect intestinal permeability; Immunofluorescence was used to detect the localization of FliC (Flagellin main component) and TLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5) in the intestinal mucosa; qPCR and WB (Western blot) were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of TLR5, TRIF (Toll\/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adapter Inducing Interferon-\u03b2), EPK1\/2 (Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2) in LPDCs (Lamina Propria Dendritic Cells); CCK8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) was used to detect the proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes stimulated by LPDCs; ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) was used to detect the secretion of IL-12, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17A, IL-10 (Interleukin-12, 4, 6, 9, 10, 17A), IFN-\u03b3 (interferon-gamma), TGF-\u03b2 (Transforming Growth Factor - beta), from CD4+ T lymphocytes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After IBS-D modeling, When compared with the NC group, the visceral sensitivity of rats in model group and MMF group were increased; The quantities of fecal\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      decreased, The quantities of fecal\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      increased; The permeability of colonic mucosa was enhanced, accompanied with Flagellin and TLR5 protein upregulated; The expression of TLR5, TRIF, EPK1\/2 signals inside LPDCs were increased; CD4+ T lymphocytes proliferation ability was hyperfunction, followed by the excessive secretion of IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-\u03b2, IL-12, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-4 from CD4+ T lymphocytes, in contrast IL-10 was hyposecretion (p&amp;lt;0.05 for all). While when compared with the Model group, the above situations have been found recovered in the MMF group. (p&amp;lt;0.05 for all).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MMF can alleviate the abnormal immune response and cytokine secretion of colon and relieve visceral hypersensitivity symptoms in rats with IBS-D. Its target may be closely related to the FliC-TLR5-TRIF-ERK1\/2 pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1616796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T06:28:13Z","timestamp":1767335293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of Massa Medicata Fermentata on the cytokine secretion of colonic mucosa and visceral sensitivity in rats with IBS-D"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhaomeng","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.19576","article-title":"A new model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats induced by colon irritation during postnatal development","volume":"119","author":"Al-Chaer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61010109","article-title":"Impact of microbiota on irritable bowel syndrome pathogenesis and management: A narrative review","volume":"61","author":"Almonajjed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. 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