{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:59:29Z","timestamp":1784044769214,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n In recent years, developing drugs that directly target pathways related to the pathogenic mechanisms of bacteria has been a research hotspot, and quorum sensing (QS) is one of the most effective strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of cyano-phycocyanin (C-PC) on the virulence of PA2\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n and\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n and explored its potential as a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curve of C-PC on PA2 were determined, and the effect of C-PC on QS-regulated virulence factors and the anti-biofilm activity of C-PC against PA2 were investigated. The\n Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n quinolone signal (PQS) were analyzed by HPLC system and the expression levels of QS signaling molecules, virulence genes, biofilm and movement-related genes were detected by qPCR. The macrophage and mouse infection model were used to explore the anti-infection ability of C-PC\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n and\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n C-PC attenuated biofilm formation, pyocyanin synthesis, motility, and PQS signaling molecule production. Moreover, C-PC significantly downregulated the transcription levels of QS-related genes in PA2, including\n pqsA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n pqsR<\/jats:italic>\n , as well as the expression of virulence factor genes\n phzA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n lasA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n lasB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n flgF<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n fliE<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n exoS<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n exsA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n lecA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n popB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n vasG<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n chiC<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n pelF<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n pslB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n qseB<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n pgsR<\/jats:italic>\n .\n In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n , C-PC reduced the adhesion and invasion of PA2 in RAW264.7 cells, and decreased LDH release and macrophage damage caused by PA2 infection.\n In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n , C-PC reduced the pathogenicity of PA2 and improved mouse survival rates, showing a protective effect.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Taken together, these results suggest that C-PC showed strong anti-QS activity, providing new insights into the development of strategies against PA infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1624927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T06:35:05Z","timestamp":1763534105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The role of cyano-phycocyanin as a quorum sensing inhibitor to attenuate Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Ying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunru","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijia","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dadao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanqi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruowang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhefeng","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peizhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00176","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00176-17","article-title":"Pseudomonas quinolone signal induces oxidative stress and inhibits heme oxygenase-1 expression in lung epithelial cells","volume":"85","author":"Abdalla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. 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