{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:04:44Z","timestamp":1792652684664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish and validate a multi-parameter model for the prediction of early recurrence in patients with hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) after microwave ablation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 166 patients with HBV-HCC who underwent microwave ablation at two hospitals. The training cohort comprised 116 patients from the first hospital (n = 116; mean age, 56 years; 84 male patients), while 50 patients from the second hospital constituted the external validation cohort (n = 50; mean age, 60 years; 38 male patients). A transformer-based deep learning network was used to fuse images from multi-sequence MRI and predict recurrence within 1 year after microwave ablation. Additionally, a nomogram based on deep learning radiomics and clinical features was developed and externally validated in a validation group from a second hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combined model was better than the clinical model and MRI model in predicting early recurrence of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma within 1 year after microwave ablation. Nomograms based on joint models include aspartate aminotransferase, portal hypertension, and deep learning-based radiomics scores. The areas under curves of the models in the training group and the validation group were 0.868 (95% CI: 0.793\u20130.924) and 0.842 (95% CI: 0.711\u20130.930), respectively, indicating high prediction ability. The results of decision curve analysis showed that the combined model had good clinical application value and correction effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our nomogram combined with clinical features and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging features effectively predicted early recurrence of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma within 1 year after microwave ablation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1638779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T04:13:40Z","timestamp":1756268020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multi-parameter MRI-based model for the prediction of early recurrence of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma after microwave ablation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Jing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Fei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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