{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:53:51Z","timestamp":1785444831275,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wuling powder has been widely used for the clinical treatment of IBS-D, but the microecological mechanism has not been found. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of Wuling powder on intestinal mucosal microbiota in mice with diarrhea predominant-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were randomly divided into normal control group (Mc), model control group (Mm), and\ntreatment group (Mt). The IBS-D model was induced via <jats:italic>Folium sennae<\/jats:italic> gavage and acute restraint stress, and treatment was conducted with Wuling powder. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (MFGE8) were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intestinal mucosal DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial community alterations. We analyzed the characteristics of the intestinal mucosal microbiota and explored the potential link between the intestinal mucosal microbiota and the inflammatory response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the Mc group, the Mm group presented markedly elevated serum TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001) and significantly decreased MFGE8 levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.01). In contrast, the Mt group presented significant reductions in TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05) and a pronounced increase in MFGE8 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.01) relative to those in the Mm group. After treatment with Wuling powder, the abundance and diversity of the intestinal mucosal microbiota were restored. The characteristic genus <jats:italic>Sporosarcina<\/jats:italic> was significantly positively correlated with MFGE8, and <jats:italic>Paludibaculum<\/jats:italic> was significantly negatively correlated with TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wuling powder may inhibit the occurrence of an inflammatory response by reducing the TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels and increasing the MFGE8 level and may achieve the effect of treating IBS-D by regulating the composition, structure, and function of the intestinal mucosal microbiota, which provides new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of IBS-D via Wuling powder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1652186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T05:35:16Z","timestamp":1755149716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Wuling powder ameliorates diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in mice by modulating gut mucosal microbiota and alleviating intestinal inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qianghong","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donglin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269662","article-title":"Diversity of bacterial community in the rhizosphere and bulk soil of Artemisia annua grown in highlands of Uganda","volume":"18","author":"Aidah","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13010100","article-title":"Gut microbiota secondary metabolites: key roles in GI tract cancers and infectious diseases","volume":"13","author":"Anwer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415586","article-title":"Complement C3 regulates inflammatory response and monocyte\/macrophage phagocytosis of streptococcus agalactiae in a teleost fish","volume":"23","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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