{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:39:41Z","timestamp":1781872781211,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a major sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), posing a significant health burden in high-prevalence regions like China. However, data on the clinical spectrum, diagnostic challenges, and outcomes of PTB-associated CPA in the Chinese population remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center study analyzed 220 patients with PTB-associated CPA in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (January-December 2022). CPA was diagnosed and subtyped according to European guidelines: simple aspergilloma (SA, n=31), chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA, n=120), chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis (CFPA, n=39), Aspergillus nodule (AN, n=25), and semi-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (SAIA, n=5). Data pertaining to demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, imaging findings, diagnostic test performance, antifungal treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort had a median age of 56.7 years, with a 64.1% male predominance. Cough (94.1%) and sputum (83.2%) were the most common symptoms, while hemoptysis was highest in CFPA (79.5%). Chest CT revealed cavities in 87.7% and a high prevalence of fibrosis in CFPA (89.7%). Serologically, serum Aspergillus IgG was positive in 68.2% of patients, with the highest positivity in CFPA (74.4%). BALF galactomannan positivity was highest in AN (76.0%). Voriconazole was the primary antifungal agent (69.1%), but 70.5% of patients received therapy for \u22646 months. Outcomes varied by subtype. CFPA had the worst prognosis (38.5% disease progression, 10.3% mortality), whereas AN patients demonstrated the highest clinical stability (92.0% stable disease).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PTB-associated CPA in China exhibits distinct subtype characteristics. Accurate diagnosis requires a combination of modalities. Treatment responses vary by subtype, underscoring the need for region-specific clinical guidelines, multidisciplinary management, and further research on treatment duration, multi-center cohort studies, and improved diagnostic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1653842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:55:37Z","timestamp":1768892137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical features, diagnostic test performance, treatment and outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in China: a retrospective, observational study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlin","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhui","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/qco.0000000000000913","article-title":"Update on the treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"36","author":"Armstrong-James","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. 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