{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:16:09Z","timestamp":1793121369543,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although fungal infections are relatively rare, they have low detection rates and high mortality rates. The value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in kidney transplant patients with fungal infections remains insufficiently explored, especially regarding diagnosis and antimicrobial stewardship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From September 2021 to August 2023, 234 kidney transplant patients were enrolled, with detailed data collected on 66 patients suspected of fungal infections. The pathogen detection performance of mNGS and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs) was compared. The impacts of mNGS and CMTs on treatment adjustment were also assessed. Finally, the value of mNGS in detecting donor-derived infections was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 66 patients, 21 fungal species were identified: 18 species detected by mNGS and 10 by CMTs. The overall positive rate of mNGS was significantly higher than culture (90.67% vs. 26.67%), especially for multiple fungal infections (9vs0). mNGS identified more\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      (26vs12),\n                      <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (14vs0),\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (10vs4),\n                      <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic>\n                      (6vs2) organisms compared with CMTs. Donor-derived fungi were identified in 11 (6.7%) patients, including 10 cases of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and 1 case of\n                      <jats:italic>Mucor<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. Anti-infection therapies were adjusted in 28 (24.4%) cases based on mNGS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mNGS technique showed distinct advantages in detecting fungal infections in kidney transplant patients, facilitating informed anti-infection strategies and enhanced graft protection. Moreover, it provides effective identification of fungal infections originating from donor sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1667475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T07:20:15Z","timestamp":1769412015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Metagenomic next-generation sequencing enhances diagnosis of fungal infections in kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]},{"name":"The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Handong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongyao","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-015-9875-4","article-title":"The spectrum of infectious diseases in kidney transplantation: A review of the classification, pathogens and clinical manifestations","volume":"29","author":"Anastasopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.001","article-title":"Approach to the solid organ transplant patient with suspected fungal infection","volume":"30","author":"Anesi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. 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