{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T06:37:19Z","timestamp":1765521439550,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the most prevalent intestinal protozoan in Brazilian children and has been associated with alterations in the gut microbiota. While bacterial dysbiosis in giardiasis has been well studied, little is known about the associated fungal communities. This study aimed to investigate whether\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection predisposes preschool children to the emergence of fungal pathogens and to identify which pathogenic fungi coexist in the intestines of\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected preschoolers. Stool samples from children aged 1\u20134 years living in a low-income community in Rio de Janeiro were analyzed by PCR for\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and subjected to fungal isolation and identification using MALDI-TOF MS and ITS sequencing. Among 25 samples, 13 were\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive, and 10 of these harbored\n                    <jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with co-occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                    in some cases.\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was also detected. This is the first report of\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected children. The high frequency of\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    raises the possibility of a synergistic interaction between protozoan and fungal infections in vulnerable pediatric populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1667510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T06:33:36Z","timestamp":1765521216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of the emerging fungal pathogens in Brazilian children infected by Giardia lamblia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carolline Soares","family":"Motta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Fantinatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"de Oliveira Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisela Lara da","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Savino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alda Maria","family":"Da-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoel Marques","family":"Evangelista Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1274354","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2016.1274354","article-title":"Interactions of Giardia sp. with the intestinal barrier: Epithelium, mucus, and microbiota","volume":"5","author":"Allain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020002292","article-title":"Giardia intestinalis can interact, change its shape and internalize large particles and microorganisms","volume":"148","author":"Benchimol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7519(02)00068-1","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the beta-giardin gene and development of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to genotype Giardia duodenalis cysts from human faecal samples","volume":"32","author":"Cacci\u00f2","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. 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