{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:03:55Z","timestamp":1777633435567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      Infection (CDI) is more prevalent in people with hematologic diseases. However, epidemiological characteristics are poorly understood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From July 2016 to November 2021, we studied the epidemiology of CDI in patients with hematological diseases at a tertiary teaching hospital in Shanghai, China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In hematological patients, the prevalence of CDI was 21.6%, with 89.8% hospital-acquired infections.\n                      <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      ST81, which is a multidrug-resistant strain carrying only the toxin B, is the most common strain (38.1%), followed by ST3 (16.7%) and ST2 (9.5%). Clindamycin and moxifloxacin resistance rates of all\n                      <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were 64.3% and 31%, respectively, and no isolate was resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, metronidazole, teicoplanin, or daptomycin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a comprehensive characterization of CDI in hematological patients, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and preventive strategies against this emerging nosocomial threat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1668584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T06:30:33Z","timestamp":1765175433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-drug resistant Clostridioides difficile isolate ST81 is prominent in hematological patients in a teaching hospital in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YaoQian","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"XinJun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zizhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingtian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beiwen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiewen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2019.06.012","article-title":"Characterization of Clostridioides difficile isolates recovered from hospitalized patients and the hospitals environment and air: A multicenter study","volume":"59","author":"Aliramezani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.02.002","article-title":"Occurrence of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in hospitals of Silesia, Poland","volume":"45","author":"Aptekorz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2016.04.006","article-title":"Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 is not evenly distributed in Hesse, Germany","volume":"40","author":"Arvand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1505190","article-title":"Burden of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States","volume":"372","author":"Banaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl. 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