{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:13:34Z","timestamp":1790345614679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81901103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81901103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Malaria associated anemia is increasingly recognized as a consequence not only of red cell destruction but of profound, parasite driven disruption of erythropoiesis within the bone marrow niche. Here, we synthesize recent\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , ex vivo, clinical and postmortem studies to construct a unified mechanistic framework in which four interlocking pathways converge to produce dyserythropoiesis. First, a cytokine storm dominated by IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3 and MIF suppresses erythropoietin synthesis, upregulates hepcidin and diverts erythroid progenitors toward myeloid fate via destabilization of GATA-1. Second, hemozoin crystals catalyze Fenton chemistry and lipid peroxidation, generating 4-hydroxynonenal adducts that cripple GATA-1 and trigger mitochondrial apoptosis of erythroblasts. Third,\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites preferentially infect orthochromatic erythroblasts, prolonging a 10-day gametocyte maturation cycle beyond the host\u2019s 3\u20134-day enucleation window and releasing extracellular vesicles that arrest terminal differentiation. Fourth, hemozoin-laden macrophages remodel erythroblastic islands, precipitating local iron restriction and sustained oxidative stress. Together these processes create a \u201cdevelopmental sanctuary\u201d that favors parasite persistence while crippling host erythropoiesis. We also highlight emerging single-cell and spatial-omics technologies, together with 3-D bone-marrow organoids, as platforms for dissecting spatiotemporal parasite\u2013host interactions and for testing niche-targeted therapies aimed at reversing ineffective erythropoiesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1679337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T05:45:05Z","timestamp":1757051105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Malaria and dyserythropoiesis: a mini review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fang-Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135ra64","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003515","article-title":"Effective adjunctive therapy by an innate defense regulatory peptide in a preclinical model of severe malaria","volume":"4","author":"Achtman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. 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