{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:32:08Z","timestamp":1790890328010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Repeat urine testing is key for the management of candiduria. Current urine testing methods are time-consuming. This study presents an assay coupling PCR with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), termed MALDI-TOF nucleic acid MS (MALDI-TOF NAMS), for rapid detection of five medically important\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Candida krusei)<\/jats:italic>\n                      in urine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Species-specific primers and probes targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions the five\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were designed, followed by PCR amplification, single-base extension, and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The sensitivity assessment was conducted using\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      suspensions and simulated candiduria samples. DNA from bacteria and other fungi was tested to analyse the specificity. To evaluate multiplex detection capability, all five\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were simultaneously tested in a single-tube reaction. Clinical performance was validated using collected urine samples, with results compared with urine culture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The developed assay demonstrated a limit of detection (LoD) ranging from 10\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU\/mL to 10\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU\/mL across different\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, with no cross-reactivity against common uropathogens. The assay allowed simultaneous detection of multiple\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in a single tube. The diagnostic sensitivity of our developed method was 100% using urine culture as the gold standard, with a diagnostic specificity of 98.7%. The entire detection process could be completed within 5 hours.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The novel MALDI-TOF NAMS assay enables rapid detection of five\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in urine with validated performance. The assay supports clinical candiduria management and is adaptable for broader\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species detection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1682711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T06:22:23Z","timestamp":1763446943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A MALDI-TOF nucleic acid mass spectrometry assay for rapid detection of five Candida species in urine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiquan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinhai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18502\/cmm.6.4.5327","article-title":"High prevalence of asymptomatic nosocomial candiduria due to Candida glabrata among hospitalized patients with heart failure: a matter of some concern","volume":"6","author":"Aghili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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