{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:58:25Z","timestamp":1781027905622,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV-1 mutation V179D\/E can confer potential low-level resistance to multiple non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and its detection rate has increased in recent years. However, its effect on antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with only V179D\/E mutation detected by pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) testing at Guangzhou Eight People\u2019s Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. Two control groups were matched 1:1:1 using propensity score matching (PSM): a PDR-negative group and an NNRTI-DR group with low-level or higher NNRTI resistance. Virological and immunological outcomes were compared over 3 years. Logistic regression analyzed virological failure (VF) risk factors in the V179D\/E group and assessed acquired drug resistance (ADR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 6021 patients tested, the detection rate of V179D\/E was 14.8%. After exclusions, 626 patients were included in this study. Additionally, 195 patients met the criteria for the NNRTI-DR group. After 1:1:1 PSM, the baseline characteristics were balanced across the three groups. In 1 year, the V179D\/E group showed lower virological suppression and higher VF than the PDR-negative group, with no significant difference from the NNRTI-DR group. Differences disappeared by years 2 and 3. In the V179D\/E group, NNRTI-based regimens increased VF risk, while baseline CD4+ T cell counts &amp;gt;200 cells\/\u03bcL were protective. Among 37 patients with VF tested for ADR in the V179D\/E group, 54.1% developed new mutations, 85.0% of whom were on efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>V179D\/E is highly prevalent among ART-na\u00efve PLWH in Guangzhou and may impair early virological response to NNRTI-based regimens, particularly EFV-based regimens while increasing ADR risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1691715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:32:50Z","timestamp":1764829970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of V179D\/E mutations on antiretroviral therapy outcomes in people living with HIV-1: a 3-year retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shiyun","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiejie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003383","article-title":"Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, (2024 edition)","volume":"137","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. 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