{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T19:16:35Z","timestamp":1783797395359,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Lymphatic filariasis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Brugia malayi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Brugia timori<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is transmitted by mosquitoes and persists as a major neglected tropical disease. Despite extensive elimination campaigns, information on vector infection prevalence remains fragmented, hindering evidence-based vector control strategies under the World Health Organization\u2019s Global Programme to Eliminate\n                      <jats:italic>lymphatic filariasis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang) were searched up to April 2025. Eligible studies reported mosquito infection rates with defined sample size, location, and diagnostic method. Study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies. Statistical synthesis was conducted in R (v4.1.2) using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored heterogeneity by region, mosquito genus, and detection method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen studies covering 160,423 mosquitoes from 10 countries were included. The pooled infection prevalence was 0.7% (95% CI [0.3\u20131.7]). Rates were highest in Asia (3.0%, 95% CI [0.0\u201310.7]), in\n                      <jats:italic>Mansonia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (2.5%, 95% CI [0.8\u20134.9]), and when RT-PCR was applied (2.5%, 95% CI [0.0\u201311.0]). Higher prevalence was associated with post-2016 studies (1.9%), areas without mass drug administration programmes (1.7%), and regions with annual mean temperatures of 23\u201327\u00a0\u00b0C (5.2%). Considerable heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 = 100%) and publication bias (Egger\u2019s test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.006) were evident.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Filarial infections in mosquitoes remain widespread, with clear regional and methodological variability. Strengthened mosquito-based xenomonitoring, particularly using molecular diagnostic approaches, will be essential to accelerate progress toward global lymphatic filariasis elimination by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1708143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T06:27:56Z","timestamp":1765780076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Meta-analysis of the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection in mosquito vectors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Rong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei-Ni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04794-3","article-title":"Comparison of four outdoor mosquito trapping methods as potential replacements for human landing catches in Western Kenya","volume":"14","author":"Abong'O","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67780-7","article-title":"Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes in areas co-endemic with Brugia malayi in Balasore district, Odisha, India","volume":"14","author":"Abraham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-100","article-title":"The 6th meeting of the global alliance to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: a half-time review of lymphatic filariasis elimination and its integration with the control of other neglected tropical diseases","volume":"3","author":"Addiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-233","article-title":"The ecology of mosquitoes in an irrigated vegetable farm in Kumasi, Ghana: abundance, productivity and survivorship","volume":"5","author":"Afrane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4236\/ae.2016.41001","article-title":"Comparative human landing catch and CDC light trap in mosquito sampling in Knowlesi malaria endemic areas in peninsula Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Ahmad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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