{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:44:06Z","timestamp":1791837846945,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an oncobacterium capable of promoting the growth and chemotherapy resistance of colonised tumours. Although\n                      <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      is usually susceptible to a range of antibiotics\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , these have been associated with worse outcomes when administered with anti-neoplastic chemotherapy. Bacteriophages are viewed as natural alternatives to antibiotics that provide bacterial-specific targeting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we have employed an\n                      <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      specific bacteriophage, FNU1, to limit the effects of this oncobacteria in colon cancer and gastric cancer cell models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrated that FNU1 was able to negate the\n                      <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      induced growth stimulatory effects, migratory ability, autophagy, anti-apoptotic effects and chemotherapy resistance in these cell models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatments with bacteriophage FNU1, therefore, have the potential to augment existing cancer therapy, and further testing in animal models is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1721411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:36:19Z","timestamp":1767854179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bacteriophage FNU1 negates Fusobacterium nucleatum induced cell growth, migration and chemotherapy resistance in gastrointestinal cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mwila","family":"Kabwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birhanu","family":"Ayelign","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoukat","family":"Afshar-Sterle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Buchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.006","article-title":"Fap2 mediates Fusobacterium nucleatum colorectal adenocarcinoma enrichment by binding to tumor-expressed gal-galNAc","volume":"20","author":"Abed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00295","article-title":"Tumor targeting by Fusobacterium nucleatum: A pilot study and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Abed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180329124130","article-title":"Association of metronidazole with cancer: A potential risk factor or inconsistent deductions","volume":"19","author":"Adil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf221","article-title":"Comparison of the antibacterial activities of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, telithromycin and quinupristin\/dalfopristin against intracellular non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"50","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy264","article-title":"Phase III, randomised trial of avelumab versus physician\u2019s choice of chemotherapy as third-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer: primary analysis of JAVELIN Gastric 300","volume":"29","author":"Bang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10771","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305923110","article-title":"Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide a non-host-derived immunity","volume":"110","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2025.103469","article-title":"Standardized sulforhodamine b colorimetric cell proliferation assay for anticancer activity screening in educational and research laboratories","volume":"15","author":"Bauer","year":"2025","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-024-02580-y","article-title":"Evaluation of effectiveness of bacteriophage purification methods","volume":"21","author":"Binte Mohamed Yakob Adil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.08.015","article-title":"Recurrent antibiotic exposure may promote cancer formation\u2013Another step in understanding the role of the human microbiota","volume":"51","author":"Boursi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25571","article-title":"A non-chromatographic method for the removal of endotoxins from bacteriophages","volume":"112","author":"Branston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal5240","article-title":"Analysis of Fusobacterium persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer","volume":"358","author":"Bullman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-023-06506-9","article-title":"Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharides regulate gene expression in human colon cancer cells","volume":"16","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104367","article-title":"Gut microbiota in phytopharmacology: A comprehensive overview of concepts, reciprocal interactions, biotransformations and mode of actions","volume":"147","author":"Dey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3828-0","article-title":"Frequent use of antibiotics is associated with colorectal cancer risk: results of a nested case-control study","volume":"61","author":"Dik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix184","article-title":"The lysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli by bacteriophages releases less endotoxin than by \u03b2-lactams","volume":"64","author":"Dufour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317458","article-title":"Enrichment of oral microbiota in early cystic precursors to invasive pancreatic cancer","volume":"68","author":"Gaiser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13767","article-title":"Culture media, DMSO and efflux affect the antibacterial activity of cisplatin and oxaliplatin","volume":"75","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(00)90356-3","article-title":"Phage infection of the obligate intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia psittaci strain Guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis","volume":"2","author":"Hsia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.001","article-title":"Dynamic modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolome by bacteriophages in a mouse model","volume":"25","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114616","article-title":"Mutant TP53 switches therapeutic vulnerability during gastric cancer progression within Interleukin-6 family cytokines","volume":"43","author":"Huber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199512030-00004","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin. A therapeutic paradox","volume":"12","author":"Hurley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45549-6","article-title":"Genomic, morphological and functional characterisation of novel bacteriophage FNU1 capable of disrupting Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms","volume":"9","author":"Kabwe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuab017","article-title":"Bacteriophage manipulation of the microbiome associated with tumour microenvironments-can this improve cancer therapeutic response","volume":"45","author":"Kabwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.650849","article-title":"Lytic bacteriophage EFA1 modulates HCT116 colon cancer cell growth and upregulates ROS production in an Enterococcus faecalis co-culture system","volume":"12","author":"Kabwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03368-8","article-title":"Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma","volume":"592","author":"Kalaora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e659","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000659","article-title":"Genome sequence of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies polymorphum - a genetically tractable fusobacterium","volume":"2","author":"Karpathy","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051813","article-title":"Cellular internalization mechanism and intracellular trafficking of filamentous M13 phages displaying a cell-penetrating transbody and TAT peptide","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.103784","article-title":"Protocol on utilizing murine gastric cancer organoids for modeling subcutaneous, orthotopic primary, and liver metastatic disease in mice","volume":"6","author":"Konecnik","year":"2025","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03649-1","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum tumor DNA levels are associated with survival in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"38","author":"Kunzmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111625","article-title":"The cancer chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil is a potent Fusobacterium nucleatum inhibitor and its activity is modified by intratumoral microbiota","volume":"41","author":"LaCourse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14010045","article-title":"A novel bacteriophage with the potential to inhibit Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced proliferation of colorectal cancer cells","volume":"14","author":"Lam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9057","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S185766","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum prevents apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via the ANO1 pathway","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manage. Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02309","article-title":"The metabolic profile of tumor and virally infected cells shapes their microenvironment counteracting T cell immunity","volume":"10","author":"Magalhaes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7037","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.12174","article-title":"FOLFOX as first-line therapy for gastric cancer with severe peritoneal metastasis","volume":"37","author":"Masuishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/s0027-5107(01)00136-1","article-title":"DNA breakage due to metronidazole treatment","volume":"478","author":"Men\u00e9ndez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2017.06.002","article-title":"Human gut microbiota and gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinf."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10316","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i30.10316","article-title":"FOLFOX\/FOLFIRI pharmacogenetics: the call for a personalized approach in colorectal cancer therapy","volume":"20","author":"Mohelnikova-Duchonova","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death 1980-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Naghavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.02.040","article-title":"The effects of antibiotics on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer differ based on PD-L1 expression","volume":"149","author":"Ochi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.1984","article-title":"Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in cell culture to investigate cell proliferation","volume":"6","author":"Orellana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bio Protoc."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04527-3","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum upregulates MMP7 to promote metastasis-related characteristics of colorectal cancer cell via activating MAPK(JNK)-AP1 axis","volume":"21","author":"Ou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Trans. Med."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16967-2","article-title":"Breast cancer colonization by Fusobacterium nucleatum accelerates tumor growth and metastatic progression","volume":"11","author":"Parhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-16-0249","article-title":"The human microbiome and cancer","volume":"10","author":"Rajagopala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila)"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","article-title":"Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors","volume":"359","author":"Routy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-03574-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota as a hidden modulator of chemotherapy: implications for colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"16","author":"Sadeghloo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Oncol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.7.1533","article-title":"Why metronidazole is active against both bacteria and parasites","volume":"43","author":"Samuelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents chemotherapy"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i27.4131","article-title":"Multidisciplinary approach to understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer","volume":"11","author":"Shang","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31257-1","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel for previously treated, advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (KEYNOTE-061): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"392","author":"Shitara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551","article-title":"Cancer statistic","volume":"69","author":"Siegel","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0232565","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232565","article-title":"An image J plugin for the high throughput image analysis of in vitro scratch wound healing assays","volume":"15","author":"Suarez-Arnedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0165701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165701","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum-Induced Impairment of Autophagic Flux Enhances the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines via ROS in Caco-2 Cells","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/nm763","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of gastrointestinal homeostasis by SHP2 and STAT-mediated trefoil gene activation in gp130 mutant mice","volume":"8","author":"Tebbutt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240537","article-title":"The intestinal microbiota modulates the anticancer immune effects of cyclophosphamide","volume":"342","author":"Viaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28738","article-title":"Infection, antibiotic therapy and risk of colorectal cancer: a nationwide nested case-control study in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"135","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.10.023","article-title":"4. Gastrointestinal mucosal immunity","volume":"121","author":"Wershil","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.521","article-title":"Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances","volume":"3","author":"Wiegand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2023.12.003","article-title":"First-line palliative chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: a population-based analysis of delivery and outcomes in a single-payer health system","volume":"36","author":"Wilson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5574","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1786","article-title":"Human microbiome Fusobacterium nucleatum in esophageal cancer tissue is associated with prognosis","volume":"22","author":"Yamamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i11.1253","article-title":"Antibiotics and immunotherapy in gastrointestinal tumors: Friend or foe","volume":"7","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Clin. cases"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.018","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum increases proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and tumor development in mice by activating toll-like receptor 4 signaling to nuclear factor-kappaB, and up-regulating expression of microRNA-21","volume":"152","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.008","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to colorectal cancer by modulating autophagy","volume":"170","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2514797","article-title":"Addressing controversy in Fusobacterium nomenclature: what exactly does \u201cF. nucleatum\u201d refer to","volume":"17","author":"Zepeda-Rivera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13060528","article-title":"Deciphering the Antibacterial Mechanisms of 5-Fluorouracil in Escherichia coli through Biochemical and Transcriptomic Analyses","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01990-16","article-title":"Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Control by Virulent Bacteriophages within MAC-T Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-0985-y","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil by upregulation of BIRC3 expression in colorectal caner","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0423-2","article-title":"Phage-guided modulation of the gut microbiota of mouse models of colorectal cancer augments their responses to chemotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. BioMed. Eng."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1721411\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:36:20Z","timestamp":1767854180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1721411\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1721411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1721411","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"article-number":"1721411"}}