{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T20:51:39Z","timestamp":1785617499676,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The parasite\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      has a unique reproductive biology, because female maturation depends on constant pairing with a male. Paired females produce each up to 300 eggs per day, which are the pathogenic factors of schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease that affects &amp;gt; 240 million people worldwide. Due to the importance of egg production for life-cycle maintenance and pathology, molecular mechanisms controlling schistosome reproduction are in the focus of research. Among the candidates involved in regulating the reproductive biology of this parasite are DEAD-box RNA helicases. These enzymes are associated with various cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis and post-transcriptional regulation. In platyhelminths, helicases are largely unexplored. One member of the DEAD-box helicase family is the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), which unwinds stable RNA structures in the 5\u2019-untranslated region of selected mRNAs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We functionally characterized two eIF4A isoforms of\n                      <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      (SmeIF4A-a and SmeIF4A-b), which are potentially involved in translation initiation like their human orthologs, to evaluate their importance for parasite vitality and reproduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodologies\/findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Transcripts of both SmeIF4A isoforms were localized in female ovaries as shown by whole mount\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      hybridization. RNA-interference (RNAi) experiments revealed a decisive role of SmeIF4A-a in gonad maintenance and egg production. Stem-cell proliferation assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy uncovered the loss of proliferation activity in germinal and somatic stem cells after Sm\n                      <jats:italic>eif4a-a<\/jats:italic>\n                      RNAi. No distinct function was found for SmeIF4A-b.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that SmeIF4A-a is a key factor in stem-cell proliferation and gonad maintenance, and thus also in egg production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1731808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:38:08Z","timestamp":1767940688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A is a crucial factor for stem-cell activity and reproduction of the parasite Schistosoma mansoni"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Welsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Puckelwaldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Ajmera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Magari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Haeberlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Gr\u00fcnweller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph G.","family":"Grevelding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.21966","article-title":"The DEAD-box helicase eIF4A: Paradigm or the odd one out","volume":"10","author":"Andreou","year":"2013","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXPPARA.2009.12.009","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: Egg-induced downregulation of hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrogenesis","volume":"124","author":"Anthony","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2307\/3280632","article-title":"Cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. I. Establishment of cultures from cercariae and development until pairing","volume":"67","author":"Basch","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010000053","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: signal transduction processes during the development of the reproductive organs","volume":"137","author":"Beckmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D444","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAE1082","article-title":"InterPro: The protein sequence classification resource in 2025","volume":"53","author":"Blum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/TPJ.13062","article-title":"The RNA helicase, eIF4A-1, is required for ovule development and cell size homeostasis in Arabidopsis","volume":"84","author":"Bush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2011.03.001","article-title":"Whole mount in situ hybridization methodology for Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"178","author":"Cogswell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"383","author":"Colley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100596363","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1005963","article-title":"Tissue degeneration following loss of Schistosoma mansoni cbp1 is associated with increased stem cell proliferation and parasite death in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Collins","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-4017-2_2","article-title":"Methods for Studying the Germline of the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni","volume-title":"Germline Stem Cells","author":"Collins","year":"2017"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000509","article-title":"Genome-wide analyses reveal a role for peptide hormones in planarian germline development","volume":"8","author":"Collins","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11924","article-title":"Adult somatic stem cells in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"494","author":"Collins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D609","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAE1010","article-title":"UniProt: The universal protein knowledgebase in 2025","volume":"53","author":"Consortium","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GENE.2005.10.019","article-title":"The DEAD-box protein family of RNA helicases","volume":"367","author":"Cordin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXPPARA.2011.07.018","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: The egg, biosynthesis of the shell and interaction with the host","volume":"132","author":"DeWalick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/S41423-024-01234-x","article-title":"Critical and differential roles of eIF4A1 and eIF4A2 in B-cell development and function","volume":"22","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/S00427-005-0467-z","article-title":"Cracks in the shell - Zooming in on eggshell formation in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"215","author":"Ebersberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Genes Evol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKH340","article-title":"MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1096\/FJ.06-7314com","article-title":"Schistosome egg production is dependent upon the activities of two developmentally regulated tyrosinases","volume":"21","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.033209.112","article-title":"A cellular response linking eIF4AI activity to eIF4AII transcription","volume":"18","author":"Galicia-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2012","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87237","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087237","article-title":"Regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4AII by MyoD during murine myogenic cell differentiation","volume":"9","author":"Galicia-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00078-x","article-title":"Genomic instability in Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"101","author":"Grevelding","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: A roadmap for implementation\n          \n          2012"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJPARA.2019.01.006","article-title":"Identification of a new panel of reference genes to study pairing-dependent gene expression in Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"49","author":"Haeberlein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FGENE.2014.00170","article-title":"Gonad RNA-specific qRT-PCR analyses identify genes with potential functions in schistosome reproduction such as SmFz1 and SmFGFRs","volume":"5","author":"Hahnel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1242\/DEV.109.2.425","article-title":"Localization of vasa, a component of Drosophila polar granules, in maternal-effect mutants that alter embryonic anteroposterior polarity","volume":"109","author":"Hay","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/PMIC.200300555","article-title":"Identification and characterization of the expression of the translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) from Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"4","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D774","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKV1217","article-title":"WormBase 2016: expanding to enable helminth genomic research","volume":"44","author":"Howe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MOLBIOPARA.2016.11.005","article-title":"WormBase ParaSite \u2013 A comprehensive resource for helminth genomics","volume":"215","author":"Howe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1146\/ANNUREV-BIOCHEM-060713-035546","article-title":"RNA helicase proteins as chaperones and remodelers","volume":"83","author":"Jarmoskaite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/MOLBEV\/MST010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991739","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo trematode models for chemotherapeutic studies","volume":"137","author":"Keiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007240","article-title":"Insects in anthelminthics research: Lady beetle-derived harmonine affects survival, reproduction and stem cell proliferation of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"13","author":"Kellershohn","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1186\/S12917-020-02667-y","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of livestock schistosomiasis and fascioliasis in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: Results from a cross-sectional survey","volume":"16","author":"Kouadio","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80449-7","article-title":"NANOS-3 and FBF proteins physically interact to control the sperm-oocyte switch in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"9","author":"Kraemer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)01893-1","article-title":"Schistosome male-female interaction: Induction of germ-cell differentiation","volume":"17","author":"Kunz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MOD.2010.12.001","article-title":"Nanos1 functions as a translational repressor in the Xenopus germline","volume":"128","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-131","article-title":"Genomes and geography: genomic insights into the evolution and phylogeography of the genus Schistosoma","volume":"4","author":"Lawton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol. Vectors"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X22000621","article-title":"Planarians to schistosomes: an overview of flatworm cell-types and regulators","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SBI.2007.11.002","article-title":"Structural insights into the exon junction complex","volume":"18","author":"Le Hir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W78","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAE268","article-title":"Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v6: Recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool","volume":"52","author":"Letunic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.11.7336","article-title":"Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4AIII (eIF4AIII) is functionally distinct from eIF4AI and eIF4AII","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/S41467-020-20794-w","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of Schistosoma mansoni identifies a conserved genetic program controlling germline stem cell fate","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCIMB.2023.1173557","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Smtdc-1 and Smddc-1 discloses roles as male-competence factors for the sexual maturation of Schistosoma mansoni females","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02193-23","article-title":"Rhodopsin orphan GPCR20 interacts with neuropeptides and directs growth, sexual differentiation, and egg production in female Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/337121A0","article-title":"Birth of the D-E-A-D box","volume":"337","author":"Linder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/16.21.10359","article-title":"Sequence of the genes TIF1 and TIF2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae coding for a translation initiation factor","volume":"16","author":"Linder","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.04.002","article-title":"Isolation, enrichment and primary characterisation of vitelline cells from Schistosoma mansoni obtained by the organ isolation method","volume":"45","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31150","article-title":"Schistosome sex matters: A deep view into gonad-specific and pairing-dependent transcriptomes reveals a complex gender interplay","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/308213","article-title":"A web portal for gene expression across all life stages of Schistosoma mansoni","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPLS.2019.01023\/BIBTEX","article-title":"siRNA-Finder (si-Fi) Software for RNAi-target design and off-target prediction","volume":"10","author":"L\u00fcck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761994000300021","article-title":"Host-induced morphological changes of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon 1907 male worms","volume":"89","author":"Machado-Silva","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W521","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAE241","article-title":"The EMBL-EBI Job Dispatcher sequence analysis tools framework in 2024","volume":"52","author":"Madeira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006174","article-title":"A confocal microscopical study of the musculature of adult Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"121","author":"Mair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990965","article-title":"Morphological effects and tegumental alterations induced by mefloquine on schistosomula and adult flukes of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"137","author":"Manneck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","volume":"4","author":"McManus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1603","DOI":"10.1038\/CDDIS.2014.542","article-title":"The Malignant phenotype in breast cancer is driven by eIF4A1-mediated changes in the translational landscape","volume":"6","author":"Modelska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1228","article-title":"The retinoic acid family-like nuclear receptor SmRAR identified by single-cell transcriptomics of ovarian cells controls oocyte differentiation in Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"53","author":"Moescheid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36826-6","article-title":"Defining an optimal control for RNAi experiments with adult Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"13","author":"Moescheid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21542","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201977200","article-title":"The initiation factor eIF4A is involved in the response to lithium stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"277","author":"Montero-Lomel\u00ed","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.11.011","article-title":"First insights into the autophagy machinery of adult Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"51","author":"Mughal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/S00436-004-1241-2","article-title":"A new description of the reproductive system of Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy","volume":"95","author":"Neves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1002\/J.1460-2075.1988.TB03049.X","article-title":"The mouse protein synthesis initiation factor 4A gene family includes two related functional genes which are differentially expressed","volume":"7","author":"Nielsen","year":"1988","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/336496A0","article-title":"An eIF-4A-like protein is a suppressor of an Escherichia coli mutant defective in 50S ribosomal subunit assembly","volume":"336","author":"Nishi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5491","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/19.20.5491","article-title":"Divergent genes for translation inition factor elF-4A are coordinately expressed in tobacco","volume":"19","author":"Owtrim","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/JEZ.1402320117","article-title":"Reproductive development of female Schistosoma mansoni (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) following bisexual pairing of worms and worm segments","volume":"232","author":"Popiel","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2.S1.S53","article-title":"Schistosomes: Challenges in compound screening","volume":"2","author":"Ramirez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W320","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKU316","article-title":"Deciphering key features in protein structures with the new ENDscript server","volume":"42","author":"Robert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12598","DOI":"10.1074\/JBC.M007560200","article-title":"Further characterization of the helicase activity of eIF4A. Substrate specificity","volume":"276","author":"Rogers","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12236","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.18.12236","article-title":"Biochemical and kinetic characterization of the RNA helicase activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A","volume":"274","author":"Rogers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/SYSBIO\/SYS029","article-title":"Mrbayes 3.2: Efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space","volume":"61","author":"Ronquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.10.3.1134","article-title":"Bidirectional RNA helicase activity of eucaryotic translation initiation factors 4A and 4F","volume":"10","author":"Rozen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0476-1","article-title":"Transcriptome-wide characterization of the eIF4A signature highlights plasticity in translation regulation","volume":"15","author":"Rubio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12859-017-1934-Z\/FIGURES\/7","article-title":"ImageJ2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data","volume":"18","author":"Rueden","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/S000180050363","article-title":"Germline development in vertebrates and invertebrates","volume":"55","author":"Saffman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/NMETH.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/NMETH.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/349494A0","article-title":"PRP16 is an RNA-dependent ATPase that interacts transiently with the spliceosome","volume":"349","author":"Schwer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2020.111259","article-title":"Functional analysis of vasa\/PL10-like genes in the ovary of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"236","author":"Skinner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001686","article-title":"Vasa-like DEAD-box RNA helicases of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"6","author":"Skinner","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e850","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PNTD.0000850","article-title":"RNA interference in Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula: Selectivity, sensitivity and operation for larger-scale screening","volume":"4","author":"\u0160tefanic","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS9100664","article-title":"Anthelminthic activity of assassin bug venom against the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"9","author":"Tonk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBRC.2018.01.137","article-title":"Characterisation of the biological response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the loss of an allele of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A","volume":"496","author":"Venturi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000254","article-title":"Systematically improved in vitro culture conditions reveal new insights into the reproductive biology of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS Biol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00768","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00768","article-title":"Functional genomic characterization of neoblast-like stem cells in larval Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"2013","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35449","DOI":"10.7554\/ELIFE.35449","article-title":"Stem cell heterogeneity drives the parasitic life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.1093983\/SUPPL_FILE\/WANG_SOM.PDF","article-title":"Nanos maintains germline stem cell self-renewal by preventing differentiation","volume":"303","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb7699","article-title":"Large-scale RNAi screening uncovers therapeutic targets in the parasite Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"369","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5901","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.0609708104","article-title":"Nanos function is essential for development and regeneration of planarian germ cells","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2016.06.010","article-title":"Schistosomiasis as a disease of stem cells","volume":"40","author":"Wendt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33221","DOI":"10.7554\/ELIFE.33221","article-title":"Flatworm-specific transcriptional regulators promote the specification of tegumental progenitors in Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"7","author":"Wendt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.ABB7709","article-title":"A single-cell RNAseq atlas of Schistosoma mansoni identifies a key regulator of blood feeding","volume":"369","author":"Wendt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.9804","article-title":"Differential expression of the murine eukaryotic translation initiation factor isogenes eIF4A(I) and eIF4A(II) is dependent upon cellular growth status","volume":"338","author":"Williams-Hill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13485","article-title":"RNA G-quadruplexes cause eIF4A-dependent oncogene translation in cancer","volume":"513","author":"Wolfe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53358-5","article-title":"The p46 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-4F exchanges with eIF-4A","volume":"268","author":"Yoder-Hill","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061540","article-title":"DEAD-box RNA helicases in cell cycle control and clinical therapy","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1731808\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:38:10Z","timestamp":1767940690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1731808\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1731808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1731808","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"article-number":"1731808"}}