{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:11:41Z","timestamp":1792890701997,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carbapenem-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    bloodstream infection (CRE-BSI) represents a major and urgent challenge to global public health. Some patients with CRE-BSI have a greater risk for poor clinical outcomes, thus identifying risk factors for CRE-BSI is required to determine the most at-risk populations. Here, we investigated risk factors for CRE-BSI by conducting a retrospective case-case-control study at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, between 2017 and 2024.\u00a0A total of 144 patients with CRE-BSI were enrolled in this case-case-control study. Each case was matched simultaneously to a patient with carbapenem-susceptible\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    BSI (CSE-BSI) and a control patient with non-\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteremia in a 1:1:1 ratio. This design facilitated the analysis of risk factors and a comparison of 30-day survival outcomes among groups. Multivariable logistic regression identified distinct risk factor profiles for different infections. Surgical history emerged as an independent risk factor for\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    -BSI. Independent risk factors for CRE-BSI encompassed prior exposure to third-generation cephalosporins (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.94), carbapenems (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.45), quinolones (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.54), and glucocorticoids (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.55), in addition to a history of surgery (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.44) and gastric tube insertion (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.45). In-hospital mortality for CRE-BSI reached 52.8%. Furthermore, arterial catheter use (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.50) was identified as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with CRE-BSI. Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed several independent predicators of 30-day mortality: patient group (HR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.86; p = 0.04), age \u2265 65 years (HR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20\u20130.93; p = 0.03), respiratory diseases (HR = 3.17; 95% CI, 1.54\u20136.51; p = 0.002), and digestive system diseases (HR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.03\u20133.10; p = 0.04). Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of underlying diseases, antibiotic usage, and invasive procedures is required to reduce CRE-BSI-associated mortality. Given the notable morbidity and mortality, as well as constrained therapeutic options, associated with CRE-BSI, identifying risk factors for CRE-BSI is urgently required for effective disease prevention and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1734801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:13:55Z","timestamp":1768205635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk factors, and outcomes of patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infection: an eight-year case-case-control study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haifang","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuoliang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhidong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01080","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01080-22","article-title":"A nationwide plasmidome surveillance in Thailand reveals a limited variety of New Delhi Metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae clones and spreading plasmids","volume":"60","author":"Abe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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