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Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as efficient vehicles for delivering genetic materials, as exemplified by their success in mRNA vaccines. Recent studies suggest that LNPs can also be harnessed to suppress bacterial proliferation and counteract antibiotic resistance through the targeted delivery of nucleic acid cargo. In this review, we discuss recent advances in nanotechnology-based platforms for nucleic acid delivery into prokaryotic systems, with a particular focus on LNPs. We highlight LNPs as a promising delivery system for modulating antimicrobial resistance and bacterial fitness genes. Additionally, we outline key components and formulation strategies required to enable effective nucleic acid delivery against multidrug-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1737088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T06:30:57Z","timestamp":1771828257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanotech meets antibiotics: nucleotide antibiotics delivered by lipid nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bookun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dajeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choong-Min","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1515\/cppm-2022-0023","article-title":"Numerical simulation of fluid flow mixing in flow-focusing microfluidic devices","volume":"18","author":"Aghaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. 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