{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:21:45Z","timestamp":1771924905478,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The reed vole,\n                      <jats:italic>Microtus fortis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is the only known natural non-permissive mammalian host of\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance have not been fully understood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed single-cell RNA-seq to investigate the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) responses to\n                      <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>M. fortis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the susceptible host, Kunming mice. The samples were collected from uninfected animals (control group) and infected animals at 10 dpi.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The major cell types identified in the PBMCs of the two species were monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, NK cells, B cells, and erythrocytes. We observed that the population of monocytes decreased considerably in the bloodstream after infection in both\n                      <jats:italic>M. fortis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Kunming mice. However, differential gene expression analysis revealed that Cxcl9 was upregulated in\n                      <jats:italic>M. fortis<\/jats:italic>\n                      monocytes after infection, while it was not detected as a DEG in Kunming mice. In addition, we observed that infection induced the upregulation of IL2 and IL4 in\n                      <jats:italic>M. fortis<\/jats:italic>\n                      CD4+ T cells, and the expansion of the Th2 cell population. Regarding B cells, we did not observe any significant alteration among\n                      <jats:italic>M. fortis<\/jats:italic>\n                      B cell subpopulations after infection compared to the control. However, DEG analysis revealed that Igha, Ighg1, and Ighg3 were upregulated in\n                      <jats:italic>M. fortis<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibody secreting cells (ASCs) but not in Kunming mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Together, our results suggest that both the innate and adaptive immune responses were activated in the peripheral blood of\n                      <jats:italic>M. fortis<\/jats:italic>\n                      at 10 dpi, while their activation was not obvious in Kunming mice at the same moment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1739541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T06:41:59Z","timestamp":1769496119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single-cell RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals the transcriptome profile of Microtus fortis immune cells during the early phase of infection with Schistosoma japonicum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nouhoum","family":"Dibo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Transmission Control of Schistosomiasis","place":["Yueyang, Hunan, 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