{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:28:03Z","timestamp":1788848883909,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a zoonotic pathogen that infects both dogs and humans, yet its evolutionary and phylogenetic characteristics are poorly understood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we comprehensively characterized an isolated strain of\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      through integrated bacteriological, comparative genomic, and whole-genome sequencing-based core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-cgSNP) analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      YN20042 was isolated from a febrile patient (38 \u00b0C) with sweating and fatigue. The culture exhibited rough, grayish white, sticky, and opaque colonies. The isolate was identified as\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain by a BCSP-31 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which yielded an amplicon of the expected 223-bp size, and was classified as a\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain by conventional biotyping. The patient reported frequent contact with dogs and livestock. The strain showed a 99.99% average nucleotide identity to the\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      reference strain ATCC 23365 (GCA_000018525.1). An\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis showed that the strain belonged to sequence type 21, which was consistent with its classification within\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The genome of strain YN20042 exhibited strong synteny with the reference strain and showed no detectable structural variations. It harbored 12 predicted virulence factors encompassing 71 associated genes, although it notably lacked the\n                      <jats:italic>wbpL<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene but contained a\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella suis mprF<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. A further analysis identified predicted mutations in key virulence genes (\n                      <jats:italic>eryA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>pagN<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>bmaC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>cfa<\/jats:italic>\n                      1, and\n                      <jats:italic>cfa<\/jats:italic>\n                      2) and predicted multiple horizontally acquired genes, collectively suggesting a complex evolutionary trajectory involving both gene variants and potential recombination events. A WGS-SNP analysis revealed that YN20042 clustered closely with strains isolated from Zhejiang and Beijing, indicating a high degree of genetic relatedness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The first isolation of\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the region expands the local spectrum of pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and highlights the substantial infection risk for individuals with close dog and livestock contact. Enhanced surveillance, targeted screening of high-risk populations, and public health education are necessary to mitigate the risk of\n                      <jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1743711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T06:41:58Z","timestamp":1768977718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evolution and phylogenetic characteristics of the first Brucella canis strain isolated from a human patient in Yunnan Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiuju","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Natural Focal Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Natural Focal Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Natural Focal Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Natural Focal Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Natural Focal Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Natural Focal Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Natural Focal Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D517","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935","article-title":"CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database","volume":"48","author":"Alcock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.12.015","article-title":"Evaluation of Brucella MLVA typing for human brucellosis","volume":"69","author":"Al Dahouk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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