{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T04:08:49Z","timestamp":1788754129215,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The rapid identification and serogrouping of\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    are crucial for effectively managing invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) patients and their close contacts, particularly in developing countries with limited laboratory resources. We developed a simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-dipstick DNA chromatography (mPCR-dipstick) assay for detecting six major serogroups (A, B, C, W, Y, and X) prevalent worldwide. The assay performance, sensitivity, and specificity were evaluated using 116 unencapsulated and encapsulated\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 29 other\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and 11 non-\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. strains. The mPCR-dipstick assay successfully identified all unencapsulated and encapsulated\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains and accurately differentiated the six major serogroups. The detection limit was 4.1 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    genome copies and 5.3\u2013266 colony-forming units (CFU) per reaction, indicating 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This convenient, sensitive, and rapid assay provides considerable advantages for diagnosing, treating, and controlling meningococcal infections in resource-limited settings, especially in high IMD endemic regions, including West Africa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1745660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:54:45Z","timestamp":1769064885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a rapid, simple multiplex PCR-dipstick assay for the detection of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups in clinical isolates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Miho","family":"Matsuba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Science, Institute of Science Tokyo","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samiratu","family":"Mahazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Science, Institute of Science Tokyo","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Shimuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Latent Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Ablordey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana","place":["Accra, Ghana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Latent Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Science, Institute of Science Tokyo","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1557520","article-title":"The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide: Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations","volume":"18","author":"Acevedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccin."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2016.08.009","article-title":"Detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis in CSF specimens of children suspicious of Meningitis in Ahvaz, Iran","volume":"32","author":"Amin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2024.2329618","article-title":"The important lessons lurking in the history of meningococcal epidemiology","volume":"23","author":"Borrow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccin."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-022-00826-x","article-title":"Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae using a multiplex real-time PCR technique","volume":"53","author":"Carnalla-Barajas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00060","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00060-20","article-title":"Multicenter hospital-based prospective surveillance study of bacterial agents causing meningitis and seroprevalence of different serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae Type b, and Streptococcus pneumoniae during 2015 to 2018 in Turkey","volume":"5","author":"Ceyhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0206453","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206453","article-title":"Development of a PCR algorithm to detect and characterize Neisseria meningitidis carriage isolates in the African meningitis belt","volume":"13","author":"Diallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2008.00406.x","article-title":"Simultaneous single-tube PCR-based assay for the direct identification of the five most common meningococcal serogroups from clinical samples","volume":"53","author":"Drakopoulou","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6654504","article-title":"Establishment and performance evaluation of multiplex PCR-dipstick DNA chromatography for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Rapid detection","volume":"2023","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2021.1876478","article-title":"Potential public health impact of a Neisseria meningitidis A, B, C, W, and Y pentavalent vaccine in the United States","volume":"134","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.46.2400136","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease, Japan 2013to 2023","volume":"29","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122922","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122922","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Neisseria meningitidis in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01548","article-title":"A novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for serogroup identification of Neisseria meningitidis in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1412020","article-title":"Vaccine prevention of meningococcal disease in Africa: Major advances, remaining challenges","volume":"14","author":"Mustapha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2014.07.010","article-title":"Tag\/hybridization-based sensitive detection of polymerase chain reaction products","volume":"464","author":"Niwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2023.02.004","article-title":"A mismatch amplification mutation assay for specific detection of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"29","author":"Ota","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132140","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132140","article-title":"Optimization of molecular approaches to genogroup Neisseria meningitidis carriage isolates and implications for monitoring the impact of new serogroup B vaccines","volume":"10","author":"Rojas","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00067","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00067-17","article-title":"PCR-dipstick chromatography for differential detection of carbapenemase genes directly in stool specimens","volume":"61","author":"Shanmugakani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001159","article-title":"Rapid multiplex detection of the resistance genes mecA, vanA and vanB from Gram-positive cocci-positive blood cultures using a PCR-dipstick technique","volume":"69","author":"Shanmugakani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/idr13010019","article-title":"Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae in culture negative cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis patients using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction in Nepal","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.10.083","article-title":"Genomic characterization of Japanese meningococcal strains isolated over a 17-year period between 2003 and 2020 in Japan","volume":"41","author":"Takahashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.01.013","article-title":"Development of a simple and cost-effective gel-based duplex PCR method to identify both encapsulated and unencapsulated Neisseria meningitidis applicable under resource-limited conditions","volume":"27","author":"Takahashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.37.29","article-title":"PCR-dipstick DNA chromatography for profiling of a subgroup of caries-associated bacterial species in plaque from healthy coronal surfaces and periodontal pockets","volume":"37","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/180323","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive PCR-dipstick DNA chromatography for multiplex analysis of the oral microbiota","volume":"2014","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147765","article-title":"Development of real-time PCR methods for the detection of bacterial meningitis pathogens without DNA extraction","volume":"11","author":"Vuong","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics8030058","article-title":"Triplex real-time PCR without DNA extraction for the monitoring of meningococcal disease","volume":"8","author":"Whaley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00918-11","article-title":"Development of a multiplex PCR assay for detection and genogrouping of Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"50","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1745660\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:54:50Z","timestamp":1769064890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1745660\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1745660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1745660","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"article-number":"1745660"}}