{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:22:14Z","timestamp":1791433334402,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper investigated the predictive value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and APACHE II score for 28-day in-hospital mortality in septic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 153 septic patients were retrospectively included, and their general clinical data and laboratory indices were collected, followed by counting 28-day in-hospital survival. Patients were allocated into sepsis and septic shock groups following the disease severity and death group and survival group according to their 28-day in-hospital survival. The predictive value of IL-6, NLR, and APACHE II scores for septic shock and 28-day in-hospital mortality and risk factors impacting 28-day in-hospital survival in septic patients were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum IL-6, NLR values, and APACHE II scores were significantly higher in patients with septic shock and in those with 28-day in-hospital mortality (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). The combined detection of IL-6, NLR, and APACHE II score had higher predictive value for septic shock and 28-day in-hospital mortality compared to any single indicator (combined AUC: 0.873\/0.938; individual AUCs: 0.731\/0.764, 0.783\/0.820, 0.776\/0.812), and their combination demonstrated increased sensitivity and specificity (all above 75%). IL-6, NLR, and APACHE II score were independent risk factors for septic shock and 28-day in-hospital mortality (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Elevated IL-6, NLR, and APACHE II scores contributed to increased risk of 28-day in-hospital mortality in septic patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL-6, NLR, and APACHE II score have predictive value and are independent risk factors for septic shock and 28-day in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1690126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:48:39Z","timestamp":1774421319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Severity and 28-day in-hospital mortality of interleukin-6, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and APACHE II score in patients with sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingshan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2022.153177","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in the mechanism of tributyltin-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and IL-6","volume":"472","author":"Alcala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e163799","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163799","article-title":"IL-6 in the infarcted heart is preferentially formed by fibroblasts and modulated by purinergic signaling","volume":"133","author":"Alter","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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