{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:09:50Z","timestamp":1780056590319,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n , recently renamed\n Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n , is an invasive fungal pathogen that is on the priority list on the World Health Organization (WHO) for future research. Infection poses major diagnostic and treatment challenges due to its phenotypic similarity to other\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n spp. and multiple antifungal resistance. Despite its emergence in Vietnam, the level of understanding among healthcare professionals is unknown. This study explores the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n of registered physicians and nurses in a Vietnamese hospital intensive care unit (ICU).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A mixed-methods study was conducted in an international standards-accredited Hanoi private general hospital. It comprised a self-administered cross-sectional survey containing 46 questions distributed to the ICU staff, followed by an in-depth semi-structured interview of selected participants. The survey covered demographic, knowledge, attitudes, and practices domains and utilized Likert-type and ranking scales. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied to quantitative data and thematic analysis to qualitative insights.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 32 ICU staff completed the survey, but only 11 (34.38%) scored above 50%. Knowledge was associated weakly with age and work experience but not gender or profession. Most participants recognized\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n as an important ICU pathogen and expressed a positive attitude to institutional preparedness but revealed confusion about the site of infection, means of diagnosis, most effective agents for treatment, and best PPE practices to prevent infections. Of the 12 participants selected for in-depth interview, only two were familiar with the WHO guidelines on\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n . The concerns centered on access to treatment, especially for immunocompromised patients. The opinions on outbreak likelihood varied, with some staff citing poor infection control in public hospitals as a risk, while others considered an outbreak unlikely due to low prevalence and the restricted mode of transmission. For multiple reasons, the private sector was perceived as better prepared than the public sector.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This study reveals a knowledge gap regarding\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n among ICU physicians and nurses in Hanoi caring for high-risk patient populations. The findings underscore a need for targeted continuing medical education, enhanced antifungal stewardship strategies, and revised infection control protocols to combat this clinically important emerging pathogen in Vietnamese hospitals.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1693788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:47:25Z","timestamp":1780055245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of intensive care unit staff regarding Candida auris: a mixed-methods study in a private general hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"L\u00ea Phan Kh\u00e1nh","family":"Huy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saien","family":"Govender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)","place":["Durban, South Africa"]},{"name":"Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal","place":["Durban, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00ea Minh","family":"Ti\u1ebfn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahomed Yunus Suleman","family":"Moosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal","place":["Durban, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Taylor-Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121804","article-title":"How to identify invasive candidemia in ICU \u2013 a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14080806","article-title":"Candidemia: an update on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, susceptibility, and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Cabrera-Guerrero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.162","article-title":"Effectiveness of disinfectants against Candida auris and other Candida species","volume":"38","author":"Cadnum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(24)00042-9","article-title":"The WHO fungal priority pathogens list: a crucial reappraisal to review the prioritisation","volume":"5","author":"Casalini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05543-0","article-title":"Is the superbug fungus really so scary? A systematic review and meta-analysis of global epidemiology and mortality of Candida auris","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12890\/2024_004335","article-title":"The first report of Candida auris infection in Vietnam","volume":"11","author":"Dang-Vu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Case Rep. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030220","article-title":"Emergence of Candida auris in Brazil in a COVID-19 intensive care unit","volume":"7","author":"de Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e428","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(23)00692-8","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease","volume":"24","author":"Denning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102943","article-title":"Feasibility of an antimicrobial stewardship program in four district hospitals in Vietnam","volume":"18","author":"Doshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13559","article-title":"Updated estimation of the burden of fungal disease in Vietnam","volume":"66","author":"Duong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1714373","article-title":"A Candida auris outbreak and its control in an intensive care setting","volume":"379","author":"Eyre","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2024.101490","article-title":"Current knowledge and practice of Candida auris screening in France: a nationwide survey from the French Society of Medical Mycology (SFMM)","volume":"34","author":"Guitard","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae082","article-title":"Mycology laboratory diagnostic capacity for invasive fungal diseases in public hospitals in Vietnam","volume":"62","author":"Hieu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae042","article-title":"Candida auris \u2013 a systematic review to inform the world health organization fungal priority pathogens list","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01918","article-title":"Identification of drug resistant Candida auris","volume":"10","author":"Kordalewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaf028","article-title":"Availability and cost of antifungal therapy in Vietnam: a 5-year retrospective study","volume":"63","author":"Kwang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13040093","article-title":"A comprehensive review of candidemia and invasive candidiasis in adults: focus on the emerging multidrug-resistant fungus Candida auris","volume":"13","author":"Mallick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B18","unstructured":"Decision No. 3534\/QD-BYT: national action plan to control and prevent antimicrobial resistance in human health in the period 2026\u20132030\n \n \n \n 2025"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115168","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel chromogenic medium for Candida spp. identification and comparison with CHROMagar\u2122 Candida for the detection of Candida auris in surveillance samples","volume":"98","author":"Mulet Bayona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.1274","article-title":"Successful control of Candida auris outbreak in a tertiary hospital intensive care unit in Greece","volume":"10","author":"Nikopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050313X241297216","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313x241297216","article-title":"Emergence of Candida auris in Vietnam: a case series","volume":"12","author":"Pham","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147544","article-title":"Burden of hospital acquired infections and antimicrobial use in Vietnamese adult intensive care units","volume":"11","author":"Phu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7002e3","article-title":"Candida auris outbreak in a COVID-19 specialty care unit \u2013 Florida, July-August 2020","volume":"70","author":"Prestel","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40414","article-title":"Vietnam\u2019s evolving healthcare system: notable successes and significant challenges","volume":"15","author":"Quan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001664","article-title":"Microbe profile: Candidozyma auris: an emergent and resilient yeast and new antifungal strategies","volume":"172","author":"Ramage","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10217","article-title":"Candida auris outbreak in a cardiothoracic transplant intensive care unit: implications for infection prevention practices and keeping pace with an evolving landscape","volume":"23","author":"Rathod","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.05.008","article-title":"Global epidemiology of emerging Candida auris","volume":"52","author":"Rhodes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx034","article-title":"Candida auris candidaemia in Indian ICUs: analysis of risk factors","volume":"72","author":"Rudramurthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf8972","article-title":"A Candida auris-specific adhesin, SCF1, governs surface association, colonization, and virulence","volume":"381","author":"Santana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06131-6","article-title":"Evaluating the measures taken to contain a Candida auris outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in South India: an outbreak investigational study","volume":"21","author":"Sathyapalan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"31","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) study of physicians, medical technologists, and nurses on the emergence of nosocomial fungemia caused by Candida auris: a comparative study between a government and a private primary hospital in Atimonan, Quezon Province","volume":"2","author":"Sevilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Prog. Res. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8111126","article-title":"Candida auris: a mini review on epidemiology in healthcare facilities in Asia","volume":"8","author":"Thatchanamoorthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11736-2","article-title":"Evaluation of a screening and isolation strategy to curb carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Hanoi, Vietnam: a pragmatic before-after study","volume":"25","author":"Toan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.139734.2","article-title":"Current challenges in teaching healthcare-associated infections prevention and control in nursing education in Vietnam and Cambodia: a qualitative study","volume":"12","author":"Tuan Truong","year":"2024","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B35","unstructured":"Achievements \u2013 milestones\n \n \n Hanoi, Vietnam\n Vinmec\n Vinmec International Hospital\n \n 2026"},{"key":"B36","article-title":"WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research, development and public health action","volume-title":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2020.05.003","article-title":"Candida duobushaemulonii sepsis and Candida auris co-isolation following hospitalisation in Vietnam","volume":"52","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02096-19","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of a PCR-based digital microfluidics and electrochemical detection system for the rapid identification of 15 fungal pathogens directly from positive blood cultures","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1693788\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:47:27Z","timestamp":1780055247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1693788\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1693788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1693788","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"article-number":"1693788"}}