{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:35:41Z","timestamp":1791588941809,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated skin disease influenced by environmental and dietary factors. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), endogenous dampness-heat syndrome, often induced by diets rich in stimulating foods, is considered a trigger that aggravates psoriasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the gut microbiota and metabolic alterations associated with endogenous dampness-heat syndrome in psoriasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BALB\/c mice were fed a stimulating food diet to establish a model of endogenous dampness-heat syndrome, followed by the induction of psoriasis-like dermatitis by applying imiquimod. Mice on a standard diet served as disease controls and healthy controls. Characteristics of the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. UPLC\u2013MS\/MS was used to detect metabolic changes in the feces and serum of mice and to quantify multiple bile acids. Lipid accumulation and bile acid content in the liver were evaluated by Oil Red O staining and total bile acid assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Endogenous dampness-heat modeling aggravated psoriasis-like symptoms in mice. This was accompanied by marked dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, characterized by reduced abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Serum and fecal metabolomics revealed prominent alterations in bile acid metabolism, closely associated with the reduction in\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Targeted quantification confirmed elevated deoxycholic acid in serum, together with increased total bile acids and lipid deposition in the liver. The expression of FXR in bile acid pathway in the liver was decreased, while the expression of CYP7A1 was increased.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The exacerbation of skin lesions and hepatic lipid deposition in endogenous dampness-heat pattern psoriasis may be associated with bile acid imbalance and reduced Lactobacillus levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1704547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T06:32:37Z","timestamp":1772433157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diet-induced dampness-heat psoriasis is characterized by reduced Lactobacillus and accumulation of deoxycholic acid"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengling","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiujun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8925","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29737","article-title":"Probiotics with ameliorating effects on the severity of skin inflammation in psoriasis: Evidence from experimental and clinical studies","volume":"235","author":"Atabati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082795","article-title":"Effect of diet and dietary components on the composition of the gut microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Beam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)61909-7","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"386","author":"Boehncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet (London Engl."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6175","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.S337031","article-title":"Gut and cutaneous microbiome featuring abundance of lactobacillus reuteri protected against psoriasis-like inflammation in mice","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflammation Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155787","article-title":"Gut microbiome and metabolome alterations in traditional Chinese medicine damp-heat constitution following treatment with a Chinese patent medicine and lifestyle intervention","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.02.014","article-title":"Bile acids modified by the intestinal microbiota promote colorectal cancer growth by suppressing CD8(+) T cell effector functions","volume":"57","author":"Cong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167697","article-title":"Microbial signatures of obesity-aggravated psoriasis: insights from an imiquimod-based mouse model","volume":"26","author":"Constantin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020244","article-title":"The gut microbiome in psoriasis and crohn\u2019s disease: is its perturbation a common denominator for their pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"De Francesco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12383","article-title":"Deoxycholic acid induced changes in electrophysiological parameters and macromolecular permeability in murine small intestine with and without functional enteric nervous system plexuses","volume":"26","author":"Forsg\u00e5rd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.036","article-title":"FXR regulates intestinal cancer stem cell proliferation","volume":"176","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020699","article-title":"Nutritional components in western diet versus mediterranean diet at the gut microbiota-immune system interplay. Implications for health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Garc\u00eda-Montero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.09.005","article-title":"Psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Gisondi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinics Dermatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.853566","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered bile acid catabolism lead to metabolic disorder in psoriasis mice","volume":"13","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2014.116","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor: a master regulator of hepatic triglyceride and glucose homeostasis","volume":"36","author":"Jiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2120744","article-title":"Deoxycholic acid induces gastric intestinal metaplasia by activating STAT3 signaling and disturbing gastric bile acids metabolism and microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70027","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70027","article-title":"Disentangling organ-specific roles of farnesoid X receptor in bile acid and glucolipid metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver. Int."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119715","article-title":"Huang-qin decoction alleviates deoxycholic acid-induced colorectal cancer in mice by regulating gut microbiota","volume":"346","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216647183","article-title":"Original Research: Different imiquimod creams resulting in differential effects for imiquimod-induced psoriatic mouse models","volume":"241","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood NJ)."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2096995","article-title":"Impact of gut microbiome on skin health: gut-skin axis observed through the lenses of therapeutics and skin diseases","volume":"14","author":"Mahmud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113164","article-title":"High-fat, western-style diet, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota: A narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Malesza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2020.101494","article-title":"The gut microbiome in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Myers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083998","article-title":"Alterations of the skin and gut microbiome in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Olejniczak-Staruch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1096202","article-title":"Alteration of intestinal mucosal microbiota in mice with Chinese dampness-heat syndrom diarrhea by improper diet combined with high temperature and humidity environments","volume":"12","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2431643","article-title":"Probiotic significance of Lactobacillus strains: a comprehensive review on health impacts, research gaps, and future prospects","volume":"16","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.11.032","article-title":"Short-term western diet intake promotes IL-23\u2013Mediated skin and joint inflammation accompanied by changes to the gut microbiota in mice","volume":"141","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15509","article-title":"Deoxycholic acid enhancement of lymphocyte migration through direct interaction with the intestinal vascular endothelium","volume":"36","author":"Shibuya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-7202.2024.17.001","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment guidelines of psoriasis vulgaris in integrated Chinese and Western medicine","volume":"19","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Chin. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112713","article-title":"High-fat-diet-associated intestinal microbiota exacerbates psoriasis-like inflammation by enhancing systemic \u03b3\u03b4 T cell IL-17 production","volume":"42","author":"Sonomoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-038X.2024.10.11","article-title":"Experts consensus on traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of syndrome of dampness-heat of spleen and stomach (2023)","volume":"39","year":"2024","journal-title":"China J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.064","article-title":"Psoriasis and comorbid diseases: Epidemiology","volume":"76","author":"Takeshita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051037","article-title":"Gut-skin axis: unravelling the connection between the gut microbiome and psoriasis","volume":"10","author":"Thye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2147\/ptt.S505283","article-title":"Metagenomics analysis of altered gut microbiome in psoriasis and the mediation analysis: A case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psoriasis. (Auckland NZ)."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-061120-014739","article-title":"Gut colonization mechanisms of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium: an argument for personalized designs","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06208-3","article-title":"Deoxycholic acid-induced gut dysbiosis disrupts bile acid enterohepatic circulation and promotes intestinal inflammation","volume":"66","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digest. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020205","article-title":"Deoxycholic acid upregulates serum golgi protein 73 through activating NF-\u03baB pathway and destroying golgi structure in liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-9-1","article-title":"Identifying the Zheng in psoriatic patients based on latent class analysis of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and signs","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.030","article-title":"Treatment effects and mechanisms of Yujin Powder on rat model of large intestine dampness-heat syndrome","volume":"202","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.16466\/j.issn1005-5509.2021.03.003","article-title":"The effect of stimulating food on contact dermatitis model rats","volume":"45","author":"Yihan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang. Chin. Med. Univ."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.12.002","article-title":"A western diet, but not a high-fat and low-sugar diet, predisposes mice to enhanced susceptibility to imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis","volume":"139","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S492044","article-title":"Exploring the therapeutic and gut microbiota-modulating effects of qingreliangxuefang on IMQ-induced psoriasis","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Design. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.11976","article-title":"Study of dietary\u2212induced progression of psoriasis\u2212like mice based on gut macrophage polarization","volume":"25","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1587119","article-title":"A comparative pharmacological study of three Chinese traditional medicines found Blautia to be the key functional bacterium of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Phellodendri chinensis Cortex against colitis","volume":"16","author":"Zhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220222.501","article-title":"Clinical study of modified Yiyi Baijiang Decoction on psoriasis vulgaris due to dampness-heat accumulation","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhongguo. Zhong. Yao. Za. Zhi. = Zhongguo. Zhongyao. Zazhi. = China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01219-0","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis exacerbates the pathogenesis of psoriasis-like phenotype through changes in fatty acid metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1704547\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T06:32:41Z","timestamp":1772433161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1704547\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1704547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1704547","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"article-number":"1704547"}}