{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:06:05Z","timestamp":1792609565702,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our earlier research, the gut microbiota profiles of Uygur populations in Xinjiang infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) characterized. As the Han and Uygur ethnic groups represent the predominant demographics in Xinjiang, this follow-up study focuses on identifying characteristic gut microbial alterations in Han patients with active tuberculosis (TB) and those with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The findings are expected to support tailored strategies for the regional prevention and control of tuberculosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 51 cases of TB, 35 cases of LTBI and 51 healthy controls (HC) were recruited from the Infectious Disease Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Fecal samples were collected and underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The gut microbiota \u03b1 diversity was significantly lower in the TB group compared to the LTBI and HC groups, with significant \u03b2 diversity differences observed among all three groups. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was the most abundant in all groups. The most abundant genera in the TB, LTBI, and HC groups were\n                      <jats:italic>Phocaeicola<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. Lefse analysis revealed that pro-inflammatory and opportunistic pathogenic genera were enriched in the TB group, whereas butyrate-producing and immune-modulating genera dominated the LTBI group. PICRUSt2 analysis identified only five differential metabolic pathways between the TB and HC groups, among which\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed the strongest positive correlation with PWY-6876 (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.79,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study clarified the diversity, microbial species composition profiles, and metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota in the Han population with different TB states in the Xinjiang region of China. These findings may provide a certain theoretical basis and reference for the precise prevention and control of TB in Xinjiang.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1705360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:45:10Z","timestamp":1769582710000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The characteristics of gut microbiome changes in tuberculosis patients and latent tuberculosis infection in Xinjiang"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukeyamu","family":"Abudushalamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Infectious Diseases Hospital","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadierya","family":"Nasier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Mental Health Center","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxue","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"acmi000471.v3","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000471.v3","article-title":"The Enterococcus secretome inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mycobacteria","volume":"5","author":"Achache","year":"2023","journal-title":"Access Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.3.1079-1085.1998","article-title":"Expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 genes in Escherichia coli for acetone production and acetate detoxification","volume":"64","author":"Bermejo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. 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