{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:11:38Z","timestamp":1787026298802,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018609","name":"High-level Hospital Construction Project of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017621","name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017607","name":"Shenzhen Municipal Fundamental Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The objective of this study was to investigate the current status of clinicians\u2019 knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding the diagnosis and management of pediatric group A\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (GAS) pharyngitis and the factors influencing them in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire (12 KAP items, 6 descriptive items) developed using the Delphi method was administered to 190 practicing clinicians in Shenzhen from February 23 to February 25, 2025. The data were analyzed using t tests and analysis of variance, with comparisons performed according to demographic characteristics and, after KAP dichotomization (\u2265 75% threshold), hospital type. Pearson correlations between KAP scores were assessed, and significant univariate predictors of KAP were examined using multiple linear regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Knowledge score correlated with practice score (r = 0.351,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05), but attitude score did not correlate with knowledge score (r = 0.048,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05) and practice score (r = 0.072,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05). Respondents\u2019 knowledge was influenced by factors such as guideline exposure, the hospital level, and age (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Their practices were influenced by factors such as guideline exposure, the hospital level, and years of practice (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Systematic guideline exposure had a positive predictive effect on respondents\u2019 knowledge levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). The practice scores of individuals with more than 20 years of practice were significantly higher than those of individuals with 4\u201320 years of practice (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study showed that clinicians in Shenzhen have a relatively advanced level of expertise and positive attitudes regarding the diagnosis and management of GAS pharyngitis in children. However, the extent of their knowledge was influenced by their degree of systematic exposure to diagnostic and treatment guidelines, and their practice expertise was constrained by their experience, potentially exacerbating antibiotic resistance. Standardized guideline application should be strengthened and clinicians\u2019 practical skills should be improved to enhance guideline adherence and promote high-quality care delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1712298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T06:37:09Z","timestamp":1772433429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Knowledge, attitudes and practices of clinicians in Shenzhen regarding pediatric streptococcal pharyngitis diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shuting","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danchun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingle","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0302636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302636","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of rheumatic valvular heart disease in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis 2015-2023, population based studies","volume":"19","author":"Abdu","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-018-0209-4","article-title":"Improving pediatric emergency department physicians\u2019 adherence to clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis-a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Alkhazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04698-z","article-title":"Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice","volume":"23","author":"Alowais","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"key":"B4","article-title":"Streptococcal pharyngitis","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Ashurst","year":"2025"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e358","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000922","article-title":"The american heart association\u2019s call to action for reducing the global burden of rheumatic heart disease: A policy statement from the american heart association","volume":"142","author":"Beaton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00305","article-title":"Why children\u2019s hospitals are unique and so essential","volume":"7","author":"Casimir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Group A Streptococcal disease: pharyngitis (strep throat)\n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj187544","article-title":"Antibiotic management of acute pharyngitis in primary care","volume":"25","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.04.028","article-title":"Management of acute pharyngitis in children: summary of the Italian National Institute of Health guidelines","volume":"34","author":"Chiappini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01789-5","article-title":"Treatment of acute pharyngitis in children: an Italian intersociety consensus (SIPPS-SIP-SITIP-FIMP-SIAIP-SIMRI-FIMMG)","volume":"50","author":"Chiappini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ital J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B12","unstructured":""},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.2986","article-title":"Efficacy of a clinical decision rule to enable direct oral challenge in patients with low-risk penicillin allergy: the PALACE randomized clinical trial","volume":"183","author":"Copaescu","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.09.002","article-title":"Becoming less wrong (and more rational) in clinical decisionmaking","volume":"75","author":"Croskerry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03821-y","article-title":"Pediatrician\u2019s approach to diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"39","author":"Di Muzio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03766.x","article-title":"Guideline for the management of acute sore throat","author":"Pelucchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e252872","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.2872","article-title":"Postpandemic surges proving the mettle of group A streptococcus-rising to the occasion","volume":"8","author":"Flores","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.191959","article-title":"Prevention of rheumatic fever and diagnosis and treatment of acute Streptococcal pharyngitis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics","volume":"119","author":"Gerber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000205","article-title":"Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"131","author":"Gewitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2014.972046","article-title":"Management of patients with sore throats in relation to guidelines: an interview study in Sweden","volume":"32","author":"Hedin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Prim Health Care"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00185-0","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever","volume":"405","author":"Hirani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.12.018","article-title":"High false-positive results from routine penicillin skin testing influencing the choice of appropriate antibiotics in China","volume":"134","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hosp Infect."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100677","article-title":"Negative impact of penicillin allergy labels on antibiotic use in hospitalized patients in Chinese Mainland","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00191-0","article-title":"Tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis: the NATTINA trial","volume":"403","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44656","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44656","article-title":"Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of artificial intelligence among dentists and dental students: A cross-sectional online survey","volume":"15","author":"Kalaimani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1513408","article-title":"Rapid diagnostic testing combined with an immediate infectious disease consultation increases the rate of septic intensive care unit patients on targeted antibiotic therapy","volume":"14","author":"Kramme","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30122-7","article-title":"Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations","volume":"395","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1183606","article-title":"The rise and fall of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a mini review","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2214620","article-title":"Electronic prior authorization for prescription drugs - challenges and opportunities for reform","volume":"388","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1537104","article-title":"Rheumatic heart valve disease: navigating the challenges of an overlooked autoimmune disorder","volume":"12","author":"Lupieri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/16.4.561","article-title":"Children with acute rheumatic fever and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and their families in a subtropical zone: a three-year prospective comparative epidemiological study","volume":"16","author":"Majeed","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101458","article-title":"The global burden of sore throat and group A Streptococcus pharyngitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030529","article-title":"The role of physical examination and clinical scores in distinguishing streptococcal colonization from pharyngitis in pediatric patients: insights from a common clinical scenario","volume":"13","author":"Miron","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20241008-00699","article-title":"Expert consensus on clinical diagnosis and treatment of group A Streptococcus pharyngeal tonsillitis in children, (2025)","volume":"63","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B35","unstructured":"Guideline for skin testing of \u03b2-lactam antibacterial drugs\n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20172033","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2033","article-title":"Improving guideline-based streptococcal pharyngitis testing: A quality improvement initiative","volume":"142","author":"Norton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00187-9","article-title":"Tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis: the NATTINA trial - Authors\u2019 reply","volume":"403","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2303-8","article-title":"ASO titer or not? When to use streptococcal serology: a guide for clinicians","volume":"34","author":"Parks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182019000100069","article-title":"Recommendations for diagnosis and etiological treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngotonsilitis in pediatrics","volume":"36","author":"Pavez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Chil. Infectol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05211-w","article-title":"Acute pharyngitis in children and adults: descriptive comparison of current recommendations from national and international guidelines and future perspectives","volume":"182","author":"Pellegrino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00050-6","article-title":"Increase in paediatric group A streptococcal infections","volume":"23","author":"Pigeolet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610215","article-title":"Evaluation of a community-led program for primordial and primary prevention of rheumatic fever in remote northern Australia","volume":"19","author":"Ralph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001384","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: updates in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Rwebembera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e275","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00241-3","article-title":"The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance","volume":"7","author":"Shaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"B45","unstructured":"The seventh population census bulletin in the shenzhen\n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis629","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"55","author":"Shulman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd000023","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000023.pub5","article-title":"Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults","volume":"12","author":"Spinks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07739-8","article-title":"Global burden of rheumatic vs non-rheumatic valvular heart disease 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study","volume":"44","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.12.005","article-title":"Association between rapid antigen detection tests and antibiotics for acute pharyngitis in Japan: A retrospective observational study","volume":"25","author":"Teratani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053017","article-title":"Evaluations of spatial accessibility and equity of multi-tiered medical system: A case study of shenzhen, China","volume":"19","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00507-0","article-title":"Rise in group A streptococcal infections in England","volume":"11","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468","article-title":"Antibiotic chemoprophylaxis for close contacts of invasive group A streptococcus in community settings: Evidence review","volume":"90","author":"Watts","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B53","unstructured":"Antimicrobial stewardship interventions: a practice guide\n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B54","unstructured":"The WHO AWaRe (Access, watch, reserve) antibiotic book\n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02095-0","article-title":"Surge of lower respiratory tract group A streptococcal infections in England in winter 2022: epidemiology and clinical profile","author":"Wrenn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002164","article-title":"Socio-economic determinants influencing adherence to secondary prophylaxis in patients with rheumatic heart disease: a systematic review","volume":"86","author":"Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond)"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00699-X","article-title":"Clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Chinese children","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30441-2","article-title":"Changes in M types of Streptococcus pyogenes in Chinese children with scarlet fever","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn101070-20220815-00974","article-title":"Chinese experts\u2032 consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of group A Streptococcus infection related diseases in children","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e484","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00138-6","article-title":"Thoughts on group A streptococci","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100876","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00099-5","article-title":"Additional thoughts on group A streptococci","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1496","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30406-1","article-title":"Antibiotic prescription patterns in children and neonates in China","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09742-8","article-title":"Assessment of the operation status of electronic prescription at community pharmacies in Chengdu, China: a simulated patient study","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1822360","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1712298\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:40:08Z","timestamp":1777992008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1712298\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1712298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1712298","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"article-number":"1712298"}}